Grapevine rootstock selector tool

The tool takes you through a series of multiple choice options/questions that help to describe the characteristics of your site and to better understand your requirements, then uses the information to identify rootstocks for you to consider.

For the following steps, details of your scion, i.e. that part of a grapevine joined to the rootstock by grafting or budding and usually supplying solely the aerial parts to the graft, examples including Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay, are not required, since the outputs of the tool are generic across scions. For rootstocks identified by the tool, information on known incompatibilities with scions is provided under Show/Hide details for each identified rootstock. 

If you require assistance, please view the How to use page.

Rootstock performance is impacted by water supply, determined by irrigation water availability and climate. For the tool to identify potential rootstocks for your site, a consideration of climate and water availability are required in order to assist you in making a choice or choices from the Climate / Water availability matrix that follows.

Consider how you would describe your regions climate and how much
irrigation water you are likely to have.

Climate is based on mean January temperature
Hot: >22 ℃
Warm: 20 – 21.9 ℃
Cool: <19.9 ℃
Reference: Dry and Smart, 1988 [5]

The Rootstock Selector Tool uses rootstock tolerance to drought to identify rootstocks that tolerate different levels of water availability.


Choose from any of the nine climate / water availability options in the following matrix, then answer the questions that follow.

You may wish to explore a range of scenarios to compare what rootstocks the tool identifies for consideration.

Cool climate Warm climate Hot climate
Ample irrigation
Limited irrigation
No irrigation

What is the desired level of vine vigour?

There is a link between rootstock vigour and vine (scion) vigour. However, in the vineyard factors such as scion type, soil type, pruning style, irrigation and nutrition also impact upon the vine.

The Rootstock Selector Tool uses vigour conferred to the scion by a rootstock to provide a vigour ranking for the rootstock.

Interactions between water availability and vine vigour are not taken into account by the tool. For example, vine vigour may be reduced under conditions of limited or no irrigation, hence in scenarios involving limited or no irrigation and where lower vigour is desired, it is suggested to explore moderate or even high vigour options and to discuss the rootstocks identified with your nursery or other specialist. The same applies to salinity, where vine vigour may be reduced as soil salinity increases.

What is the salt content of your soil?

Salt content of the irrigation water can influence the salt content of the soil.

Salinity of a soil saturation paste, measured as electrical conductivity (EC), can be ranked in terms of severity as follows:

Non Saline <2 dS/m
Slightly Saline 2-4 dS/m
Moderately Saline 4-8 dS/m
Very Saline >8 dS/m

For comparison of soil saturation paste EC values with 1:5 soil water suspension EC values see Table 3.10 on page 17 of the Salinity Management Interpretation Guide.

Rootstocks vary in their capacity to tolerate saline soils.

Situations of very saline soil with no irrigation will not be viable except potentially in short term situations, even with higher vigour, salt excluding rootstocks.

How does the soil drain at your vineyard site?

Soils with poor drainage may be susceptible to waterlogging, generally characterized by poor water infiltration at the soil surface, or no infiltration, leading to ponding and the potential for anaerobic conditions to develop.

Rootstocks vary in their capacity to tolerate waterlogged soils.

What is the pH of your soil?
Strongly acidic pH <5.5
Weakly acidic pH 5.5 - 6.5
Neutral pH 6.5 - 7.5
Weakly alkaline pH 7.5 - 8.5
Strongly alkaline pH >8.5

Do you need rootknot nematode tolerant rootstocks for your soil type?

Root knot nematodes are more likely to be a problem in light sandy soils than in heavier soil types.

For more information on rootstock tolerances to other nematodes click on the ‘Information about all attributes for this rootstock’ tab which is located at the end of the information provided under ‘Show/hide details’ for each rootstock.

Three main types of root knot nematode are found in Australian soils. They are Meloidogyne javanica, M. arenaria and M. incognita. All are taken into consideration in ranking rootstock tolerances.

Based on your choices there are:

22

Available rootstocks

Based on your requirements and the attributes that best describe your site, rootstocks identified as potentially suitable for you to discuss with your nursery or other specialists are:

101-14

Climate Cool [96] Warm [3][96] Hot [96]
Vineyard Characteristics Rootstock Attributes *Weighted average rating
Irrigation water availability Drought tolerance 1.59
Overall vineyard vigour Vigour conferred by rootstock to scion 2.36
Soil salinity Tolerance to saline soil 3.61
Soil drainage Tolerance to waterlogging 2.78
Soil pH Tolerance to soil acidity 1.33
Soil pH Tolerance to soil lime 2.15
Occurrence of Nematodes Resistance to Root Knot Nematodes 3.71

 *1 = low, 2 = low to moderate, 3 = moderate, 4 = high, 5 = very high

For reference information on these and all other rootstock attributes click on ‘Information about all attributes for this rootstock’ below.

Notes:

  • Shallow root system[3];
  • improves fruit set[96]. 
  • Long term exposure to moderately saline soil (saturation paste EC 2-6 dS/m) may result in high levels of Cl and Na in grape juice [60][116].
  • Moderate yields in cool & warm climates, high yield in hot climates[96].
  • Suited to Chard, Sauv Blanc and Pinot Noir in Adelaide Hills because of devigorating effects[96].
  • Susceptible to effects of waterlogging during establishment[96].
  • Yield decline observed under growing conditions where limited amounts of saline water were applied[116]

Incompatible with: Alicante Bouschet[36], Colombard[3][10][36] , Trebbiano[3][10], Chardonnay[10][56], Chasselas Dore[10], Emperor[10], Fetyaska[10], Muscat Gordo Blanco[10], Muscat Hamburg[10], Riesling Italico[10], Souzao[36], Shiraz[10][36][56], Tinta Barocca[36], Ugni Blanc[10][36]
Waltham Cross[10] , Zante Currant[10]

Resistance to crown gall (Agrobacterium) 4 [4][19][23][26] [References]
Resistance to Cylindrocarpon sp. 3 [9][23][102][207] 2 [26] [References]
Resistance to Fusarium sp.    
Resistance to Phytophthora sp.    
Resistance to Pythium sp.    
Resistance to Rhizoctonia sp.    
Resistance to Downy Mildew Plasmopara viticola    
Resistance to Esca   [References]
Resistance to Botryosphaeriaceae species 3 [191] [References]
Drought tolerance 1 [3][18][23][24][36][43][52][56][73][96][98][102][103][114][120][141][143][166][208] 3 [9][26][99][199][207] 1 [15] 2 [19][40][47][68][73][102][136][145][192 ]2-3 [73] 1-2 [140][142] 1-3 [206] [References]
Tendency to K+ deficiency (potassium absorption) 4 [30][58][172] 3 [163] [References]
Scion grape juice pH 1 [15][33][57][61][62][74][95][176] 2 [30] 3[ 33][116][119][128][141][186] 4 [76][169][171] [References]
Scion grape juice TA 1 [33][119] 2 [30][75][116][128][171][186] 3 [33][190][201][202] 4 [33] [References]
Scion grape juice Phenolics 3 [33][75] 1 [33] 4 [128] [References]
Scion grape juice Anthocyanins 3 [33] 1 [33] 4 [75][82][202] 3-4 [141] [References]
Scion grape juice chloride 1 [33][98][106][111][119][122][125][128] 2 [75][116] 4 [150] [References]
Scion grape juice sodium 1 [33][75][111][119][125][128] 3 [33][116][150][171][201][202] [References]
Scion grape juice Phosphorus 3 [171] [References]
Scion grape juice Nitrogen 3 [33][172] 1 [33] [References]
Scion grape juice Potassium 3 [33][88][96][174][171][201] 4 [58][141][169][202] 1 [15][33] [References]
Tendency to Mg-deficiency 4 [18] 3 [88][163] [References]
Nitrogen Uptake 3 [56] 4 [163] [References]
Effects on maturity (dependant on crop load) *A [3][4][33][36][56][57][96][98][99][103][128] *D [202] [References]
Yield 3 [96][119][141][171][185][207] 4 [57][68][76][96][98] 1 [116][180][66] 2 [75][127][128][186][190] [References]
Rooting depth 1 [3] [References]
Vegetative Cycle *S [18][23][34][52][56][98] [References]
Vigour conferred to scion (dependant on vine management and best practise viticulture) 1 [23][66][96][186][206] 3 [3][19][40][56][57][98][99][127][143][177][185] 2-3 [4][24][142] 2 [15][18][26][52][68][102][103][166][180][190][208] 4 [76][207] [References]
Improves fruit set (&/or fertility) 4 [96] [References]
Nematode Resistance 3 [36][57][103][207] 2 [52] 4 [208] [References]
Citrus nematode resistance (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) 2 [30] 4 [33] 1 [96] [References]
Dagger nematode resistance (Xiphinema index) 3 [9][15][102] 1 [40] [References]
Pin Nematode Resistance (Criconemella Xenoplax) 2 [33] 3 [33] 4 [33] [References]
Root lesion nematode resistance (Pratylenchus spp.) 3 [9][15][30][33][102] 1 [40][96] [References]
Rootknot nematode resistance (Meloidogyne spp.) 3 [3][4][15][19][26][99][102] 4 [9][18][24][30][33][40][96] 2 [98] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. arenaria) - aggressive 3 [45] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. javanica) - 'standard' population 3 [45] 5 [114][117][160][194] 4 [161 ] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. incognita) 1&5 [160] 5 [194] [References]
Phylloxera resistance 4 [3][4][9][15][23][36][40][57][74][99][102][104][166][206] 3 [19][26][207] [References]
Phylloxera resistance on leaves (ie tolerance to phylloxera leaf galls)    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 1 5 [165] 4-5 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 4 5 [113][165][210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 7 5 [165] 4-5 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 19 5 [165] 4-5 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 20 3 [165] 4-5 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 30 5 [165] 4-5 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 38 1-2  
Ease of bench grafting 4 [3][32][57][103] 2 [52] [References]
Ease of rooting 4 [3][57][103][166] 3 [26][52 ]5 [102] [References]
Affinity with V. vinifera 3[ 26][206] 2 [36][52] [References]
Tolerance to saline soils 4 [3][4][19][26][33][40][57][74][76][98][99][102][206][208] 5 [23][207] 2 [68] 3-4 [96 ]3 [60][182 ]1 [36] [References]
Salt Tolerance Index 3 [128] [References]
Tolerance to soil acidity 1 [3][13][18][19][56][96][98][102] 4 [207] [References]
Tolerance to waterlogging 4 [3][26][36][57] 3-4 [4][68] 3[ 9][18][24][52][56][205][208] 1[ 12][23][96][98] 2 [19] 5 [207] [References]
Lime tolerance (% = active lime). Lime-induced chlorosis = iron chlorosis 1 [15][56][68][74][166][206][207] 2 [73][96][159] 3 [3][4][18][19][40][57][88][98][99][102] 11% [32] 9% [36][52][68][73][96][98] [References]
Other Characteristics Shallow root system [145]. Long term exposure to moderately saline soil (saturation paste EC 2-6 dS/m) may result in high levels of Cl and Na in grape juice [60][116]. Moderate yields in cool & warm climates, high yield in hot climates [96]. [References]
Information    
*Notes Effects on maturity: A = Advance; D = Delay
Vegetative cycle: L = Long; VL = Very Long; M = Medium; S = Short		  

Phylloxera information

As a risk management option, rootstocks can be used to reduce susceptibility of vines to grape phylloxera compared to the use of the susceptible own-rooted (Vitis vinifera) variety. There are currently 115 genetic strains of phylloxera in Australia. The ability of rootstocks to withstand the impact of phylloxera infestations depends on the strain or strains of phylloxera present in the vineyard. Cultures of seven genetically diverse strains, G1, G4, G7, G19, G20, G30 and G38, are currently maintained for rootstock screening research. G1 and G4 predominate in Phylloxera Infested Zones (PIZs). Depending on the strain, rootstocks may be susceptible, tolerant or resistant, as defined and shown with colour coding in a table (below) for the rootstock. Wherever possible, results from in-field testing are incorporated in the table. Not all rootstocks have been tested against each of the representative phylloxera strains. When results from in-field testing are unavailable, results from potted vine and/or excised root assays are used (Wine Australia project DED 1701). An asterisk in the colour code denotes testing based only on potted vine or excised root assay. Where tests for specific phylloxera strains and rootstock are unavailable, or a test for only one phylloxera strain is available, a general ranking is provided based on the weighted average ranking for the rootstock obtained from the national and international literature.

Susceptible rootstock: phylloxera breeds freely, and the vine is unable to withstand infestation.

Tolerant rootstock: phylloxera can feed, reproduce and cause root galling, but to a lesser extent than on own-rooted grapevines.

Resistant rootstock: phylloxera does not develop beyond the first instar stage. Feeding by the first instar does not result in root galling.

G1 G4 G7 G19 G20 G30 G38
Susceptible
Tolerant
Resistant
Not tested
See the distribution of the main phylloxera strains in Australia

3306C

Climate Cool [No Reference] Warm [No Reference] Hot [No Reference]
Vineyard Characteristics Rootstock Attributes *Weighted average rating
Irrigation water availability Drought tolerance 3.00
Overall vineyard vigour Vigour conferred by rootstock to scion 2.83
Soil salinity Tolerance to saline soil 1
Soil drainage Tolerance to waterlogging 3.5
Soil pH Tolerance to soil acidity  
Soil pH Tolerance to soil lime 3.5
Occurrence of Nematodes Resistance to Root Knot Nematodes 2.82

 *1 = low, 2 = low to moderate, 3 = moderate, 4 = high, 5 = very high

For reference information on these and all other rootstock attributes click on ‘Information about all attributes for this rootstock’ below.

Notes:

  • Supply of this rootstock in Australia can be very limited so consult your nursery.

Incompatible with: Muscat Blanc, Sangiovese[10]

No information available for:

  • Rootstock tolerance to soil acidity
Resistance to crown gall (Agrobacterium)    
Resistance to Cylindrocarpon sp.    
Resistance to Fusarium sp.    
Resistance to Phytophthora sp. 1[ 26][207] [References]
Resistance to Pythium sp.    
Resistance to Rhizoctonia sp.    
Resistance to Downy Mildew Plasmopara viticola    
Resistance to Esca    
Resistance to Botryosphaeriaceae species    
Drought tolerance 3 [19][23][26][207] [References]
Tendency to K+ deficiency (potassium absorption)    
Scion grape juice pH    
Scion grape juice TA    
Scion grape juice Phenolics    
Scion grape juice Anthocyanins    
Scion grape juice chloride  1 [122] [References]
Scion grape juice sodium    
Scion grape juice Phosphorus    
Scion grape juice Nitrogen    
Scion grape juice Potassium    
Tendency to Mg-deficiency    
Nitrogen Uptake    
Effects on maturity (dependant on crop load)    
Yield 2 [207] [References]
Rooting depth 4 [23] [References]
Vegetative Cycle    
Vigour conferred to scion (dependant on vine management and best practise viticulture) 3 [15][37][102] 2 [19][26] 4 [207] [References]
Improves fruit set (&/or fertility)    
Nematode Resistance 3 [36] 2 [207] 1 [19][15][102] 2 [19][30]  3 [26] [References]
Citrus nematode resistance (Tylenchulus semipenetrans)    
Dagger nematode resistance (Xiphinema index) 3 [9] 1 [15][102] [References]
Pin Nematode Resistance (Criconemella Xenoplax)    
Root lesion nematode resistance (Pratylenchus spp.) 4 [9][30][97] 1 [15][102] [References]
Rootknot nematode resistance (Meloidogyne spp.) 1 [9][15][102], 2 [19][30], 3 [26] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. arenaria) - aggressive    
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. javanica) - 'standard' population 5 [114][117][160] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. incognita) 1&5 [160] [References]
Phylloxera resistance 4 [9][15][36][37][102][104] 3 [19][26][207] 5 [23] [References]
Phylloxera resistance on leaves (ie tolerance to phylloxera leaf galls)    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 1    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 4    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 7    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 19    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 20    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 30    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 38 3  
Ease of bench grafting    
Ease of rooting 3 [26] 5 [102] [References]
Affinity with V. vinifera 3 [26][207] [References]
Tolerance to saline soils 1 [15] 1 [19][23][207] [References]
Salt Tolerance Index    
Tolerance to soil acidity    
Tolerance to waterlogging 3 [19] 4 [207] [References]
Lime tolerance (% = active lime). Lime-induced chlorosis = iron chlorosis  3 [15][19][102] 11%[32] 4 [207] [References]
Other Characteristics  
Information    

Phylloxera information

As a risk management option, rootstocks can be used to reduce susceptibility of vines to grape phylloxera compared to the use of the susceptible own-rooted (Vitis vinifera) variety. There are currently 115 genetic strains of phylloxera in Australia. The ability of rootstocks to withstand the impact of phylloxera infestations depends on the strain or strains of phylloxera present in the vineyard. Cultures of seven genetically diverse strains, G1, G4, G7, G19, G20, G30 and G38, are currently maintained for rootstock screening research. G1 and G4 predominate in Phylloxera Infested Zones (PIZs). Depending on the strain, rootstocks may be susceptible, tolerant or resistant, as defined and shown with colour coding in a table (below) for the rootstock. Wherever possible, results from in-field testing are incorporated in the table. Not all rootstocks have been tested against each of the representative phylloxera strains. When results from in-field testing are unavailable, results from potted vine and/or excised root assays are used (Wine Australia project DED 1701). An asterisk in the colour code denotes testing based only on potted vine or excised root assay. Where tests for specific phylloxera strains and rootstock are unavailable, or a test for only one phylloxera strain is available, a general ranking is provided based on the weighted average ranking for the rootstock obtained from the national and international literature.

Susceptible rootstock: phylloxera breeds freely, and the vine is unable to withstand infestation.

Tolerant rootstock: phylloxera can feed, reproduce and cause root galling, but to a lesser extent than on own-rooted grapevines.

Resistant rootstock: phylloxera does not develop beyond the first instar stage. Feeding by the first instar does not result in root galling.

G1 G4 G7 G19 G20 G30 G38 General Ranking
Susceptible
Tolerant
Resistant
Not tested
See the distribution of the main phylloxera strains in Australia

3309C

Climate Cool [No Reference] Warm [No Reference] Hot [No Reference]
Vineyard Characteristics Rootstock Attributes *Weighted average rating
Irrigation water availability Drought tolerance 1.86
Overall vineyard vigour Vigour conferred by rootstock to scion 2.34
Soil salinity Tolerance to saline soil 1.08
Soil drainage Tolerance to waterlogging 2.36
Soil pH Tolerance to soil acidity 1.86
Soil pH Tolerance to soil lime 2.17
Occurrence of Nematodes Resistance to Root Knot Nematodes 2.08

*1 = low, 2 = low to moderate, 3 = moderate, 4 = high, 5 = very high

For reference information on these and all other rootstock attributes click on ‘Information about all attributes for this rootstock’ below.

Notes:

  • Recommended for varieties with poor set [56][57][98]
  • Supply of this rootstock in Australia can be limited so consult your nursery.

Incompatible with: Barbera, Muscat Blanc and Sangiovese[3][10]

Resistance to crown gall (Agrobacterium) 4 [3][19][23][26][57][96][98] [References]
Resistance to Cylindrocarpon sp. 1 [134] [References]
Resistance to Fusarium sp.    
Resistance to Phytophthora sp. 1 [3][57][96][98] 2 [207] [References]
Resistance to Pythium sp.    
Resistance to Rhizoctonia sp.    
Resistance to Downy Mildew Plasmopara viticola    
Resistance to Esca    
Resistance to Botryosphaeriaceae species 3 [191] [References]
Drought tolerance 1 [3][18][23][26][36][52][73][90][96][98][166][207][208] 3 [9][24][47][56][73] 2 [19][68][102][103][143] 2&4 [140] 1-2&4 [142] 4 [199] 1-4 [206] [References]
Tendency to K+ deficiency (potassium absorption) 4 [3][56][57][96][98] [References]
Scion grape juice pH 1 [57] 4 [64][171][176] 3 [186] [References]
Scion grape juice TA 1 [82] 2 [171] 3 [186] 4 [201] [References]
Scion grape juice Phenolics    
Scion grape juice Anthocyanins    
Scion grape juice chloride 5 [63] [References]
Scion grape juice sodium 2 [171] 3 [201] 1 [63] [References]
Scion grape juice Phosphorus 2 [171] [References]
Scion grape juice Nitrogen 4 [90] [References]
Scion grape juice Potassium 4 [64] 1 [88] 3 [171] 2 [201] [References]
Tendency to Mg-deficiency 1 [18][88] [References]
Nitrogen Uptake 2 [56] [References]
Effects on maturity (dependant on crop load) *A [3][56][57][96][98][103] *D [186][201] [References]
Yield 3 [96] 3-4 [57] 1 [180] 2 [171] 4 [186] [References]
Rooting depth 4 [3] [References]
Vegetative Cycle *M [18][52][56] L [23] [References]
Vigour conferred to scion (dependant on vine management and best practise viticulture) 1 [96] 2 [3][18][26][52][56][57][68][98][158][166][180][186][208] 4 [207] 3 [19][23][24][102][103][142] 5 [66] [References]
Improves fruit set (&/or fertility) 4 [96] 3-4 [23] [References]
Nematode Resistance 2 [36] 1 [52][57][208] 1 [103] 3 [207] [References]
Citrus nematode resistance (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) 1 [96] [References]
Dagger nematode resistance (Xiphinema index) 4 [9][23][56][102] 2 [96] 3 [206] [References]
Pin Nematode Resistance (Criconemella Xenoplax)    
Root lesion nematode resistance (Pratylenchus spp.) 4 [9][30][97][102 ]3 [96] [References]
Rootknot nematode resistance (Meloidogyne spp.) 1 [3][18][24][96][98] 3 [9] 2 [19][26][30][102] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. arenaria) - aggressive    
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. javanica) - 'standard' population 5 [160] 4 [161] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. incognita)    
Phylloxera resistance 4 [3][9][23][36][53][57][69][98][102][166][206][207] 5 [17][23] 3 [19] [References]
Phylloxera resistance on leaves (ie tolerance to phylloxera leaf galls)    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 1 5 [165][210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 4 5 [165][210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 7 3 [165] 4 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 19 3 [165] 4 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 20 3 [165] 4 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 30 3 [165] 4 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 38 3  
Ease of bench grafting 4 [3][32][57][103] 2 [52] [References]
Ease of rooting 4 [3][57][103][166] 3 [52] 5 [102] [References]
Affinity with V. vinifera 3 [26] 4 [32][207] 2 [36][52] [References]
Tolerance to saline soils 1 [3][18][19][23][57][96][98][102][206][207][208] 2 [68] [References]
Salt Tolerance Index    
Tolerance to soil acidity 1 [18][23][56][98] 2 [19] 3 [96] 4 [74] [References]
Tolerance to waterlogging 1 [3][18][24][103][208] 2 [19][68] 4 [26][36][205] 3 [52][56][74][207] [References]
Lime tolerance (% = active lime). Lime-induced chlorosis = iron chlorosis 1 [56][84][88][94][98][166][196] 3 [3][18][19][57][96][102] 11% [32][36][52][68][73][96][98] 2 [73][156][206] 4 [74][207] [References]
Other Characteristics Recommended for varieties with poor set [56][57][98] [References]
Information SARDI long term rootstock trial [208] observed high mortality and constrained vigour at Langhorne Creek with Cabernet Sauvignon. Walker et al [122] noted 3309 is very poor salt excluder. [References]
*Notes Effects on maturity: A = Advance; D = Delay
Vegetative cycle: L = Long; VL = Very Long; M = Medium; S = Short		 [References]

Phylloxera information

As a risk management option, rootstocks can be used to reduce susceptibility of vines to grape phylloxera compared to the use of the susceptible own-rooted (Vitis vinifera) variety. There are currently 115 genetic strains of phylloxera in Australia. The ability of rootstocks to withstand the impact of phylloxera infestations depends on the strain or strains of phylloxera present in the vineyard. Cultures of seven genetically diverse strains, G1, G4, G7, G19, G20, G30 and G38, are currently maintained for rootstock screening research. G1 and G4 predominate in Phylloxera Infested Zones (PIZs). Depending on the strain, rootstocks may be susceptible, tolerant or resistant, as defined and shown with colour coding in a table (below) for the rootstock. Wherever possible, results from in-field testing are incorporated in the table. Not all rootstocks have been tested against each of the representative phylloxera strains. When results from in-field testing are unavailable, results from potted vine and/or excised root assays are used (Wine Australia project DED 1701). An asterisk in the colour code denotes testing based only on potted vine or excised root assay. Where tests for specific phylloxera strains and rootstock are unavailable, or a test for only one phylloxera strain is available, a general ranking is provided based on the weighted average ranking for the rootstock obtained from the national and international literature.

Susceptible rootstock: phylloxera breeds freely, and the vine is unable to withstand infestation.

Tolerant rootstock: phylloxera can feed, reproduce and cause root galling, but to a lesser extent than on own-rooted grapevines.

Resistant rootstock: phylloxera does not develop beyond the first instar stage. Feeding by the first instar does not result in root galling.

G1 G4 G7 G19 G20 G30 G38 General Ranking
Susceptible
Tolerant
Resistant
Not tested
See the distribution of the main phylloxera strains in Australia

41B

Climate Cool [No Reference] Warm [No Reference] Hot [No Reference]
Vineyard Characteristics Rootstock Attributes *Weighted average rating
Irrigation water availability Drought tolerance 2.96
Overall vineyard vigour Vigour conferred by rootstock to scion 2.56
Soil salinity Tolerance to saline soil 1.72
Soil drainage Tolerance to waterlogging 1
Soil pH Tolerance to soil acidity  
Soil pH Tolerance to soil lime 4.05
Occurrence of Nematodes Resistance to Root Knot Nematodes 3

*1 = low, 2 = low to moderate, 3 = moderate, 4 = high, 5 = very high

For reference information on these and all other rootstock attributes click on ‘Information about all attributes for this rootstock’ below.

Notes:

  • Supply of this rootstock in Australia can be very limited so consult your nursery.

No information available for:

  • Rootstock tolerance to soil acidity
Resistance to crown gall (Agrobacterium)    
Resistance to Cylindrocarpon sp.    
Resistance to Fusarium sp.    
Resistance to Phytophthora sp.    
Resistance to Pythium sp.    
Resistance to Rhizoctonia sp.    
Resistance to Downy Mildew Plasmopara viticola    
Resistance to Esca    
Resistance to Botryosphaeriaceae species    
Drought tolerance 3 [26][47][52][73][103][143] 1 [73 ]4[ 73][94] 2-4 [140][142] 1-4 [206] [References]
Tendency to K+ deficiency (potassium absorption) 4 [24] [References]
Scion grape juice pH    
Scion grape juice TA 4 [66] [References]
Scion grape juice Phenolics    
Scion grape juice Anthocyanins    
Scion grape juice chloride    
Scion grape juice sodium    
Scion grape juice Phosphorus    
Scion grape juice Nitrogen    
Scion grape juice Potassium    
Tendency to Mg-deficiency 1 [24] 4 [157] [References]
Nitrogen Uptake    
Effects on maturity (dependant on crop load) *A [103] [References]
Yield 4 [66][93][189] 2 [154] [References]
Rooting depth 5 [206] [References]
Vegetative Cycle *S [23][52] [References]
Vigour conferred to scion (dependant on vine management and best practise viticulture) 3 [23] 3-4 [24][142] 2 [26][52][103][197] 1 [36] 4 [66] [References]
Improves fruit set (&/or fertility) 4 [154][189] 2 [132] [References]
Nematode Resistance 1 [36][52 ]1 [103] [References]
Citrus nematode resistance (Tylenchulus semipenetrans)    
Dagger nematode resistance (Xiphinema index)    
Pin Nematode Resistance (Criconemella Xenoplax)    
Root lesion nematode resistance (Pratylenchus spp.)    
Rootknot nematode resistance (Meloidogyne spp.) 1 [24] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. arenaria) - aggressive    
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. javanica) - 'standard' population 5 [117][160] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. incognita) 1 [160] [References]
Phylloxera resistance 1 [3] 4 [23][206] 5 [103] [References]
Phylloxera resistance on leaves (ie tolerance to phylloxera leaf galls)    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 1    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 4    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 7    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 19    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 20    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 30    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 38 1-2  
Ease of bench grafting 2 [52] 1 [103] [References]
Ease of rooting 1 [52][103] 2 [146] [References]
Affinity with V. vinifera 4 [26][32] 2 [36] 3 [52] [References]
Tolerance to saline soils 1 [23][26][89][206] 4 [71] 1&4 [144] 3 [197] [References]
Salt Tolerance Index    
Tolerance to soil acidity    
Tolerance to waterlogging 1 [12][24][26][52][103] [References]
Lime tolerance (% = active lime). Lime-induced chlorosis = iron chlorosis 4 [73][74][84][157] 40% [32][36][52][73] 5 [32][103][206] 37% [36] 3 [73][94 ]3-4 [156] [References]
Other Characteristics    
Information    
*Notes Effects on maturity: A = Advance; D = Delay
Vegetative cycle: L = Long; VL = Very Long; M = Medium; S = Short		  

Phylloxera information

As a risk management option, rootstocks can be used to reduce susceptibility of vines to grape phylloxera compared to the use of the susceptible own-rooted (Vitis vinifera) variety. There are currently 115 genetic strains of phylloxera in Australia. The ability of rootstocks to withstand the impact of phylloxera infestations depends on the strain or strains of phylloxera present in the vineyard. Cultures of seven genetically diverse strains, G1, G4, G7, G19, G20, G30 and G38, are currently maintained for rootstock screening research. G1 and G4 predominate in Phylloxera Infested Zones (PIZs). Depending on the strain, rootstocks may be susceptible, tolerant or resistant, as defined and shown with colour coding in a table (below) for the rootstock. Wherever possible, results from in-field testing are incorporated in the table. Not all rootstocks have been tested against each of the representative phylloxera strains. When results from in-field testing are unavailable, results from potted vine and/or excised root assays are used (Wine Australia project DED 1701). An asterisk in the colour code denotes testing based only on potted vine or excised root assay. Where tests for specific phylloxera strains and rootstock are unavailable, or a test for only one phylloxera strain is available, a general ranking is provided based on the weighted average ranking for the rootstock obtained from the national and international literature.

Susceptible rootstock: phylloxera breeds freely, and the vine is unable to withstand infestation.

Tolerant rootstock: phylloxera can feed, reproduce and cause root galling, but to a lesser extent than on own-rooted grapevines.

Resistant rootstock: phylloxera does not develop beyond the first instar stage. Feeding by the first instar does not result in root galling.

G1 G4 G7 G19 G20 G30 G38 General Ranking
Susceptible
Tolerant
Resistant
Not tested
See the distribution of the main phylloxera strains in Australia

420A

Climate Cool [No Reference] Warm [No Reference] Hot [No Reference]
Vineyard Characteristics Rootstock Attributes *Weighted average rating
Irrigation water availability Drought tolerance 2.06
Overall vineyard vigour Vigour conferred by rootstock to scion 1.9
Soil salinity Tolerance to saline soil 1
Soil drainage Tolerance to waterlogging 1.79
Soil pH Tolerance to soil acidity 2
Soil pH Tolerance to soil lime 3.17
Occurrence of Nematodes Resistance to Root Knot Nematodes 3.63

*1 = low, 2 = low to moderate, 3 = moderate, 4 = high, 5 = very high

For reference information on these and all other rootstock attributes click on ‘Information about all attributes for this rootstock’ below.

Notes:

  • Performs well with Carignan [32]
  • Supply of this rootstock in Australia can be limited so consult your nursery.
  • Limited information is available on tolerance to soil salinity.

Poor affinity with: Sangiovese[3].

Incompatible with: Chardonnay, Cabernet Franc, Malbec, Merlot, Pinot Blanc, Pinot Noir and Sauvignon Blanc[3][10], Italian Riesling, Raboso Piave, Romeiko, Sangiovese, Trebbiano[10], Zante Currant[10][23] and Servan[32]

Resistance to crown gall (Agrobacterium)    
Resistance to Cylindrocarpon sp.    
Resistance to Fusarium sp.    
Resistance to Phytophthora sp. 1 [3][57][96][98] 3 [207] [References]
Resistance to Pythium sp.    
Resistance to Rhizoctonia sp.    
Resistance to Downy Mildew Plasmopara viticola    
Resistance to Esca    
Resistance to Botryosphaeriaceae species    
Drought tolerance 1 [3][23][26][36][57][96][98][114] 3 [24][47][73][103][166][199] 2 [52][56][68][102][140][143] 4 [73][207 ]1-2 [142] 1-3 [206] [References]
Tendency to K+ deficiency (potassium absorption) 4 [3][56][57][58][98] [References]
Scion grape juice pH 4 [62] 1 [57] 3 [119][169] 2 [171] [References]
Scion grape juice TA 1 [119] 4 [171] [References]
Scion grape juice Phenolics    
Scion grape juice Anthocyanins 1 [133] [References]
Scion grape juice chloride 3 [119] [References]
Scion grape juice sodium 3 [119][171] [References]
Scion grape juice Phosphorus 2 [171] [References]
Scion grape juice Nitrogen    
Scion grape juice Potassium 1 [68][96][133] 3 [169] 2 [171] [References]
Tendency to Mg-deficiency    
Nitrogen Uptake 4 [56] [References]
Effects on maturity (dependant on crop load) *A [32][74][96][103] [References]
Yield 1 [68] 2 [57][96][119][154][180] 3 [171] [References]
Rooting depth 1 [3][23] [References]
Vegetative Cycle *L [3][52][57][96][98] *M [56] [References]
Vigour conferred to scion (dependant on vine management and best practise viticulture) 2 [3][26][52][57][96][102][103][158] 1 [15][23][32][36][68][98][180] 3 [24][56] 3-4 [142][166 ]4[ 207] [References]
Improves fruit set (&/or fertility) 4 [3][10][96][98] 3 [154] [References]
Nematode Resistance 2 [52] 3 [57][98][103] [References]
Citrus nematode resistance (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) 1 [96] 2 [207] [References]
Dagger nematode resistance (Xiphinema index) 1[ 9][15][96][102] [References]
Pin Nematode Resistance (Criconemella Xenoplax)    
Root lesion nematode resistance (Pratylenchus spp.) 1 [9][15][96][102] 2 [30] 3 [97] [References]
Rootknot nematode resistance (Meloidogyne spp.) 3 [3][15][24][96][102] 4 [9] 2 [30] 3-4 [206] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. arenaria) - aggressive    
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. javanica) - 'standard' population 5 [114][117][160] 4 [194] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. incognita) 1&5 [160] 5 [194] [References]
Phylloxera resistance 4 [3][15][36][57][98][102][104][166][206] 1-4 [9] 3 [26] 2 [207] [References]
Phylloxera resistance on leaves (ie tolerance to phylloxera leaf galls)    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 1 3 [165] 4-5 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 4 5 [113][165][210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 7 5 [165][210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 19 3 [165] 4 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 20 3 [165] 4-5 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 30 5 [113][165][210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 38 3  
Ease of bench grafting 1 [3][32][57] 2 [52] 4 [98] 3 [103] 1&4 [166] [References]
Ease of rooting 1 [3][26][32][57][98] 2 [52] 3 [102][103][146] 1&4 [166] [References]
Affinity with V. vinifera 4 [26][32][207] 3 [36] 2 [52] 1 [57] [References]
Tolerance to saline soils 1 [15][23][26][68][96][98][206][207] [References]
Salt Tolerance Index    
Tolerance to soil acidity 2 [56] [References]
Tolerance to waterlogging 1 [3][24][57][96][98][102] 3 [12][26][103][207] 1 [15] 2 [52][56][68] [References]
Lime tolerance (% = active lime). Lime-induced chlorosis = iron chlorosis 4 [3][57][73][96][98] 20% [32][36][52][68][73][96][98] 3 [15][56][73][102][166] 21% [32] 2 [206] 1 [207] [References]
Other Characteristics Behaves particularly well with Carignan [32] [References]
Information    
*Notes Effects on maturity: A = Advance; D = Delay
Vegetative cycle: L = Long; VL = Very Long; M = Medium; S = Short		  

Phylloxera information

As a risk management option, rootstocks can be used to reduce susceptibility of vines to grape phylloxera compared to the use of the susceptible own-rooted (Vitis vinifera) variety. There are currently 115 genetic strains of phylloxera in Australia. The ability of rootstocks to withstand the impact of phylloxera infestations depends on the strain or strains of phylloxera present in the vineyard. Cultures of seven genetically diverse strains, G1, G4, G7, G19, G20, G30 and G38, are currently maintained for rootstock screening research. G1 and G4 predominate in Phylloxera Infested Zones (PIZs). Depending on the strain, rootstocks may be susceptible, tolerant or resistant, as defined and shown with colour coding in a table (below) for the rootstock. Wherever possible, results from in-field testing are incorporated in the table. Not all rootstocks have been tested against each of the representative phylloxera strains. When results from in-field testing are unavailable, results from potted vine and/or excised root assays are used (Wine Australia project DED 1701). An asterisk in the colour code denotes testing based only on potted vine or excised root assay. Where tests for specific phylloxera strains and rootstock are unavailable, or a test for only one phylloxera strain is available, a general ranking is provided based on the weighted average ranking for the rootstock obtained from the national and international literature.

Susceptible rootstock: phylloxera breeds freely, and the vine is unable to withstand infestation.

Tolerant rootstock: phylloxera can feed, reproduce and cause root galling, but to a lesser extent than on own-rooted grapevines.

Resistant rootstock: phylloxera does not develop beyond the first instar stage. Feeding by the first instar does not result in root galling.

G1 G4 G7 G19 G20 G30 G38
*
Susceptible
Tolerant
Resistant
Not tested
See the distribution of the main phylloxera strains in Australia

Börner

Climate Cool [No Reference] Warm [No Reference] Hot [No Reference]
Vineyard Characteristics Rootstock Attributes *Weighted average rating
Irrigation water availability Drought tolerance 4
Overall vineyard vigour Vigour conferred by rootstock to scion 3
Soil salinity Tolerance to saline soil  
Soil drainage Tolerance to waterlogging  
Soil pH Tolerance to soil acidity  
Soil pH Tolerance to soil lime 1.75
Occurrence of Nematodes Resistance to Root Knot Nematodes 3.5

*1 = low, 2 = low to moderate, 3 = moderate, 4 = high, 5 = very high

For reference information on these and all other rootstock attributes click on ‘Information about all attributes for this rootstock’ below.

Notes:

  • Tolerance to soil salinity is unknown for this rootstock. If your site has soil salinity issues, you should consider another rootstock with proven soil salinity tolerance.
  • Poor adaptation to extremely calcareous soils [96].
  • Suffers from iron chlorosis under wet conditions [96].
  • Limited information is available on tolerance to Root Knot Nematodes
  • Supply of this rootstock in Australia can be limited so consult your nursery.

No information available for:

  • Rootstock tolerance to saline soils
  • Tolerance to waterlogged soils
  • Rootstock tolerance to soil acidity
Resistance to crown gall (Agrobacterium)    
Resistance to Cylindrocarpon sp.    
Resistance to Fusarium sp.    
Resistance to Phytophthora sp.    
Resistance to Pythium sp.    
Resistance to Rhizoctonia sp.    
Resistance to Downy Mildew Plasmopara viticola 5 [203] [References]
Resistance to Esca    
Resistance to Botryosphaeriaceae species    
Drought tolerance 4 [73][94][206] [References]
Tendency to K+ deficiency (potassium absorption)    
Scion grape juice pH    
Scion grape juice TA    
Scion grape juice Phenolics    
Scion grape juice Anthocyanins    
Scion grape juice chloride    
Scion grape juice sodium  1 [63] [References]
Scion grape juice Phosphorus    
Scion grape juice Nitrogen    
Scion grape juice Potassium    
Tendency to Mg-deficiency    
Nitrogen Uptake    
Effects on maturity (dependant on crop load)    
Yield 4-3 [96] 5 [188] [References]
Rooting depth    
Vegetative Cycle    
Vigour conferred to scion (dependant on vine management and best practise viticulture) 4 [96] 2 [188] [References]
Improves fruit set (&/or fertility)   [References]
Nematode Resistance 4 [96]  
Citrus nematode resistance (Tylenchulus semipenetrans)    
Dagger nematode resistance (Xiphinema index) 5 [97] 4 [206] [References]
Pin Nematode Resistance (Criconemella Xenoplax)    
Root lesion nematode resistance (Pratylenchus spp.)    
Rootknot nematode resistance (Meloidogyne spp.) 3-4 [206] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. arenaria) - aggressive    
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. javanica) - 'standard' population    
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. incognita)    
Phylloxera resistance 4 [44][167] 5 [96][97][206] [References]
Phylloxera resistance on leaves (ie tolerance to phylloxera leaf galls)    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 1 4 [51][113] 5 [165][210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 4 4 [51][113] 5 [165][210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 7 4 [51] 5 [165] 4-5 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 19 4 [51] 5 [113][165] 4-5 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 20 4 [51] 5 [165][210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 30 4 [51] 5 [165] 4-5 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 38 3 [References]
Ease of bench grafting    
Ease of rooting 2 [96] 5 [188] [References]
Affinity with V. vinifera 4 [44] 3 [188] [References]
Tolerance to saline soils    
Salt Tolerance Index    
Tolerance to soil acidity    
Tolerance to waterlogging    
Lime tolerance (% = active lime). Lime-induced chlorosis = iron chlorosis 1 [73][96] 3 [73] 2 [94] [References]
Other Characteristics Poor adaptation to extremely calcareous soils [96]. Suffers from iron chlorosis under wet conditions [96] [References]
Information    

Phylloxera information

As a risk management option, rootstocks can be used to reduce susceptibility of vines to grape phylloxera compared to the use of the susceptible own-rooted (Vitis vinifera) variety. There are currently 115 genetic strains of phylloxera in Australia. The ability of rootstocks to withstand the impact of phylloxera infestations depends on the strain or strains of phylloxera present in the vineyard. Cultures of seven genetically diverse strains, G1, G4, G7, G19, G20, G30 and G38, are currently maintained for rootstock screening research. G1 and G4 predominate in Phylloxera Infested Zones (PIZs). Depending on the strain, rootstocks may be susceptible, tolerant or resistant, as defined and shown with colour coding in a table (below) for the rootstock. Wherever possible, results from in-field testing are incorporated in the table. Not all rootstocks have been tested against each of the representative phylloxera strains. When results from in-field testing are unavailable, results from potted vine and/or excised root assays are used (Wine Australia project DED 1701). An asterisk in the colour code denotes testing based only on potted vine or excised root assay. Where tests for specific phylloxera strains and rootstock are unavailable, or a test for only one phylloxera strain is available, a general ranking is provided based on the weighted average ranking for the rootstock obtained from the national and international literature.

Susceptible rootstock: phylloxera breeds freely, and the vine is unable to withstand infestation.

Tolerant rootstock: phylloxera can feed, reproduce and cause root galling, but to a lesser extent than on own-rooted grapevines.

Resistant rootstock: phylloxera does not develop beyond the first instar stage. Feeding by the first instar does not result in root galling.

G1 G4 G7 G19 G20 G30 G38
*
Susceptible
Tolerant
Resistant
Not tested
See the distribution of the main phylloxera strains in Australia

Dog Ridge

Climate Cool [No Reference] Warm [No Reference] Hot [No Reference]
Vineyard Characteristics Rootstock Attributes *Weighted average rating
Irrigation water availability Drought tolerance 2.56
Overall vineyard vigour Vigour conferred by rootstock to scion 4.5
Soil salinity Tolerance to saline soil 3.8
Soil drainage Tolerance to waterlogging 4
Soil pH Tolerance to soil acidity  
Soil pH Tolerance to soil lime 2.2
Occurrence of Nematodes Resistance to Root Knot Nematodes 4.5

*1 = low, 2 = low to moderate, 3 = moderate, 4 = high, 5 = very high

For reference information on these and all other rootstock attributes click on ‘Information about all attributes for this rootstock’ below.

Notes:

  • Because of its high vigour, scions frequently show symptoms of zinc deficiency [37]
  • Limited information is available on tolerance to waterlogging
  • Supply of this rootstock in Australia can be limited so consult your nursery.

No information available for:

  • Rootstock tolerance to soil acidity
Resistance to crown gall (Agrobacterium)    
Resistance to Cylindrocarpon sp.    
Resistance to Fusarium sp.    
Resistance to Phytophthora sp.    
Resistance to Pythium sp.    
Resistance to Rhizoctonia sp.    
Resistance to Downy Mildew Plasmopara viticola    
Resistance to Esca    
Resistance to Botryosphaeriaceae species    
Drought tolerance 3 [23][104] 1 [23][26] 4 [141][205] 2 [142] 1-4 [206] [References]
Tendency to K+ deficiency (potassium absorption) 2 [30] [References]
Scion grape juice pH 4 [15][30][61][64][74][95][128][141][171] 5 [126] [References]
Scion grape juice TA 4 [30][171] 5 [126] [References]
Scion grape juice Phenolics 1 [126] [References]
Scion grape juice Anthocyanins 2 [126][141] [References]
Scion grape juice chloride 4 [122] 3-4 [63] [References]
Scion grape juice sodium 4 [61][171] 2 [126] 5 [63] [References]
Scion grape juice Phosphorus 3-4 [126] 4 [171] [References]
Scion grape juice Nitrogen    
Scion grape juice Potassium 4 [15][58][61][64][128] 5 [126][141] 3 [171] [References]
Tendency to Mg-deficiency    
Nitrogen Uptake 5 [126] [References]
Effects on maturity (dependant on crop load) *A [103] [References]
Yield 4 [125][128][171] 2 [180] 1 [181] 3 [141] [References]
Rooting depth    
Vegetative Cycle    
Vigour conferred to scion (dependant on vine management and best practise viticulture) 4 [26][37][65][74][103][112][128][193] 5 [31][37][54][102][104][125][142][180] [References]
Improves fruit set (&/or fertility)    
Nematode Resistance 4 [36][37][74][103] 5 [80] [References]
Citrus nematode resistance (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) 4 [23][97] 3 [54] [References]
Dagger nematode resistance (Xiphinema index) 1 [9][102][206] 4 [104] [References]
Pin Nematode Resistance (Criconemella Xenoplax)    
Root lesion nematode resistance (Pratylenchus spp.) 4 [9][54][102][104] 3 [30] [References]
Rootknot nematode resistance (Meloidogyne spp.) 4 [9][23][26][30][97][102][104] 5 [206] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. arenaria) - aggressive 5 [97] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. javanica) - 'standard' population 5 [114][117][160][173] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. incognita) 5 [160] [References]
Phylloxera resistance 4 [9][74] 3 [23][26][31][37][102][104][166] 2&4 [206] [References]
Phylloxera resistance on leaves (ie tolerance to phylloxera leaf galls) 3 [104] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 1    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 4    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 7    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 19    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 20    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 30    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 38 3  
Ease of bench grafting 4 [37] [References]
Ease of rooting 1 [26][37][54][102][103][104] [References]
Affinity with V. vinifera    
Tolerance to saline soils 3 [23] 4 [26][74][206] 3-5 [205] [References]
Salt Tolerance Index    
Tolerance to soil acidity    
Tolerance to waterlogging 4 [26] [References]
Lime tolerance (% = active lime). Lime-induced chlorosis = iron chlorosis 1 [9][27] 3 [53][102][104] [References]
Other Characteristics Because of its high vigour, scions frequently show symptoms of zinc deficiency [37] [References]
Information    
*Notes Effects on maturity: A = Advance; D = Delay
Vegetative cycle: L = Long; VL = Very Long; M = Medium; S = Short		  

Phylloxera information

As a risk management option, rootstocks can be used to reduce susceptibility of vines to grape phylloxera compared to the use of the susceptible own-rooted (Vitis vinifera) variety. There are currently 115 genetic strains of phylloxera in Australia. The ability of rootstocks to withstand the impact of phylloxera infestations depends on the strain or strains of phylloxera present in the vineyard. Cultures of seven genetically diverse strains, G1, G4, G7, G19, G20, G30 and G38, are currently maintained for rootstock screening research. G1 and G4 predominate in Phylloxera Infested Zones (PIZs). Depending on the strain, rootstocks may be susceptible, tolerant or resistant, as defined and shown with colour coding in a table (below) for the rootstock. Wherever possible, results from in-field testing are incorporated in the table. Not all rootstocks have been tested against each of the representative phylloxera strains. When results from in-field testing are unavailable, results from potted vine and/or excised root assays are used (Wine Australia project DED 1701). An asterisk in the colour code denotes testing based only on potted vine or excised root assay. Where tests for specific phylloxera strains and rootstock are unavailable, or a test for only one phylloxera strain is available, a general ranking is provided based on the weighted average ranking for the rootstock obtained from the national and international literature.

Susceptible rootstock: phylloxera breeds freely, and the vine is unable to withstand infestation.

Tolerant rootstock: phylloxera can feed, reproduce and cause root galling, but to a lesser extent than on own-rooted grapevines.

Resistant rootstock: phylloxera does not develop beyond the first instar stage. Feeding by the first instar does not result in root galling.

G1 G4 G7 G19 G20 G30 G38 General Ranking
Susceptible
Tolerant
Resistant
Not tested
See the distribution of the main phylloxera strains in Australia

Fercal

Climate Cool [No Reference] Warm [No Reference] Hot [No Reference]
Vineyard Characteristics Rootstock Attributes *Weighted average rating
Irrigation water availability Drought tolerance 2.67
Overall vineyard vigour Vigour conferred by rootstock to scion 3.42
Soil salinity Tolerance to saline soil 4
Soil drainage Tolerance to waterlogging  
Soil pH Tolerance to soil acidity 4
Soil pH Tolerance to soil lime 4.13
Occurrence of Nematodes Resistance to Root Knot Nematodes 4.14

*1 = low, 2 = low to moderate, 3 = moderate, 4 = high, 5 = very high

For reference information on these and all other rootstock attributes click on ‘Information about all attributes for this rootstock’ below.

Notes:

  • Limited information is available on tolerance to soil salinity and soil acidity. If your site has soil salinity issues, you may wish to consider another rootstock which has proven soil salinity tolerance. The same applies for soil acidity.
  • Supply of this rootstock in Australia can be very limited so consult your nursery.

No information available for:

  • Tolerance to waterlogged soils
Resistance to crown gall (Agrobacterium)    
Resistance to Cylindrocarpon sp.    
Resistance to Fusarium sp.    
Resistance to Phytophthora sp.    
Resistance to Pythium sp.    
Resistance to Rhizoctonia sp.    
Resistance to Downy Mildew Plasmopara viticola    
Resistance to Esca    
Resistance to Botryosphaeriaceae species    
Drought tolerance 3 [47][73][206] 2 [73] 2-3 [140][142] [References]
Tendency to K+ deficiency (potassium absorption) 2 [204] [References]
Scion grape juice pH 1 [33][119] 3 [171] [References]
Scion grape juice TA 4 [33][171] 1 [119] [References]
Scion grape juice Phenolics 4 [33] [References]
Scion grape juice Anthocyanins    
Scion grape juice chloride 3 [33] [References]
Scion grape juice sodium 3 [33] 2 [171] [References]
Scion grape juice Phosphorus 3 [171] [References]
Scion grape juice Nitrogen    
Scion grape juice Potassium 1 [33] 3 [171] [References]
Tendency to Mg-deficiency 3 [204] [References]
Nitrogen Uptake    
Effects on maturity (dependant on crop load) *A [33][42] [References]
Yield 3 [119][180] 4 [171] [References]
Rooting depth    
Vegetative Cycle    
Vigour conferred to scion (dependant on vine management and best practise viticulture) 3 [35][42][102] 3-4 [142] 4 [180][184] [References]
Improves fruit set (&/or fertility)    
Nematode Resistance    
Citrus nematode resistance (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) 4 [33] [References]
Dagger nematode resistance (Xiphinema index)    
Pin Nematode Resistance (Criconemella Xenoplax) 4 [33] 3 [33] [References]
Root lesion nematode resistance (Pratylenchus spp.)    
Rootknot nematode resistance (Meloidogyne spp.) 4 [33] 3 [33] 2 [102] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. arenaria) - aggressive    
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. javanica) - 'standard' population 5 [114][117][160] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. incognita) 5 [160] [References]
Phylloxera resistance 4 [104][206] [References]
Phylloxera resistance on leaves (ie tolerance to phylloxera leaf galls)    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 1    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 4    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 7    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 19    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 20    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 30    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 38 4-5  
Ease of bench grafting    
Ease of rooting 5 [42] [References]
Affinity with V. vinifera 5 [42] [References]
Tolerance to saline soils 4 [114] [References]
Salt Tolerance Index    
Tolerance to soil acidity 4 [204] [References]
Tolerance to waterlogging    
Lime tolerance (% = active lime). Lime-induced chlorosis = iron chlorosis 4 [35][57][74][102][156] 5 [42][73] 3 [73] [References]
Other Characteristics    
Information    
*Notes Effects on maturity: A = Advance; D = Delay
Vegetative cycle: L = Long; VL = Very Long; M = Medium; S = Short		  

Phylloxera information

As a risk management option, rootstocks can be used to reduce susceptibility of vines to grape phylloxera compared to the use of the susceptible own-rooted (Vitis vinifera) variety. There are currently 115 genetic strains of phylloxera in Australia. The ability of rootstocks to withstand the impact of phylloxera infestations depends on the strain or strains of phylloxera present in the vineyard. Cultures of seven genetically diverse strains, G1, G4, G7, G19, G20, G30 and G38, are currently maintained for rootstock screening research. G1 and G4 predominate in Phylloxera Infested Zones (PIZs). Depending on the strain, rootstocks may be susceptible, tolerant or resistant, as defined and shown with colour coding in a table (below) for the rootstock. Wherever possible, results from in-field testing are incorporated in the table. Not all rootstocks have been tested against each of the representative phylloxera strains. When results from in-field testing are unavailable, results from potted vine and/or excised root assays are used (Wine Australia project DED 1701). An asterisk in the colour code denotes testing based only on potted vine or excised root assay. Where tests for specific phylloxera strains and rootstock are unavailable, or a test for only one phylloxera strain is available, a general ranking is provided based on the weighted average ranking for the rootstock obtained from the national and international literature.

Susceptible rootstock: phylloxera breeds freely, and the vine is unable to withstand infestation.

Tolerant rootstock: phylloxera can feed, reproduce and cause root galling, but to a lesser extent than on own-rooted grapevines.

Resistant rootstock: phylloxera does not develop beyond the first instar stage. Feeding by the first instar does not result in root galling.

G1 G4 G7 G19 G20 G30 G38 General Ranking
Susceptible
Tolerant
Resistant
Not tested
See the distribution of the main phylloxera strains in Australia

Freedom

Climate Cool [No Reference] Warm [No Reference] Hot [No Reference]
Vineyard Characteristics Rootstock Attributes *Weighted average rating
Irrigation water availability Drought tolerance 3.25
Overall vineyard vigour Vigour conferred by rootstock to scion 3.44
Soil salinity Tolerance to saline soil 2
Soil drainage Tolerance to waterlogging 2.5
Soil pH Tolerance to soil acidity  
Soil pH Tolerance to soil lime 3
Occurrence of Nematodes Resistance to Root Knot Nematodes 4.29

*1 = low, 2 = low to moderate, 3 = moderate, 4 = high, 5 = very high

For reference information on these and all other rootstock attributes click on ‘Information about all attributes for this rootstock’ below.

Notes:

  • Supply of this rootstock in Australia can be limited so consult your nursery.

Incompatible with: Malta Seedless, Merbein Seedless, Sultana[10]

No information available for:

  • Rootstock tolerance to soil acidity
Resistance to crown gall (Agrobacterium) 4 [4][19][23][26] [References]
Resistance to Cylindrocarpon sp.    
Resistance to Fusarium sp.    
Resistance to Phytophthora sp.    
Resistance to Pythium sp.    
Resistance to Rhizoctonia sp.    
Resistance to Downy Mildew Plasmopara viticola    
Resistance to Esca    
Resistance to Botryosphaeriaceae species    
Drought tolerance 3-4 [68] 3 [206] [References]
Tendency to K+ deficiency (potassium absorption) 4 [23] [References]
Scion grape juice pH 4 [15][57][61][62][64][74][95] 1 [119] 5 [126] [References]
Scion grape juice TA 3 [119][126] [References]
Scion grape juice Phenolics 1 [126] [References]
Scion grape juice Anthocyanins 2 [126] [References]
Scion grape juice chloride 3 [122] [References]
Scion grape juice sodium 4 [61] 2 [126] [References]
Scion grape juice Phosphorus 3-4 [126] [References]
Scion grape juice Nitrogen    
Scion grape juice Potassium 4 [15][57][61] 5 [64][126] [References]
Tendency to Mg-deficiency    
Nitrogen Uptake 3 [126] [References]
Effects on maturity (dependant on crop load) *A [4] [References]
Yield 1 [59][81][119] 4 [68][175] 2 [125] [References]
Rooting depth    
Vegetative Cycle    
Vigour conferred to scion (dependant on vine management and best practise viticulture) 2-4 [4] 3 [15][23][102] 3-4 [19] 4 [68][104][125] [References]
Improves fruit set (&/or fertility)    
Nematode Resistance    
Citrus nematode resistance (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) 4 [23] [References]
Dagger nematode resistance (Xiphinema index) 4 [9][15][23][102][206] 2 [104] [References]
Pin Nematode Resistance (Criconemella Xenoplax)    
Root lesion nematode resistance (Pratylenchus spp.)    
Rootknot nematode resistance (Meloidogyne spp.) 4 [4][9][15][19][23][26][97][102][104][206] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. arenaria) - aggressive    
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. javanica) - 'standard' population 5 [114][117][160] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. incognita) 5 [160] [References]
Phylloxera resistance 4 [4][9][15][23][102][104] 3 [19][25] 3-4 [206] [References]
Phylloxera resistance on leaves (ie tolerance to phylloxera leaf galls)    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 1    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 4    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 7    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 19    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 20    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 30    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 38 3  
Ease of bench grafting 2 [200] [References]
Ease of rooting 5 [102] [References]
Affinity with V. vinifera 3 [200] [References]
Tolerance to saline soils 2 [4][19][68] [References]
Salt Tolerance Index    
Tolerance to soil acidity    
Tolerance to waterlogging 1 [68] 4 [183] [References]
Lime tolerance (% = active lime). Lime-induced chlorosis = iron chlorosis 3 [68] [References]
Other Characteristics    
Information    
*Notes Effects on maturity: A = Advance; D = Delay
Vegetative cycle: L = Long; VL = Very Long; M = Medium; S = Short		  

Phylloxera information

As a risk management option, rootstocks can be used to reduce susceptibility of vines to grape phylloxera compared to the use of the susceptible own-rooted (Vitis vinifera) variety. There are currently 115 genetic strains of phylloxera in Australia. The ability of rootstocks to withstand the impact of phylloxera infestations depends on the strain or strains of phylloxera present in the vineyard. Cultures of seven genetically diverse strains, G1, G4, G7, G19, G20, G30 and G38, are currently maintained for rootstock screening research. G1 and G4 predominate in Phylloxera Infested Zones (PIZs). Depending on the strain, rootstocks may be susceptible, tolerant or resistant, as defined and shown with colour coding in a table (below) for the rootstock. Wherever possible, results from in-field testing are incorporated in the table. Not all rootstocks have been tested against each of the representative phylloxera strains. When results from in-field testing are unavailable, results from potted vine and/or excised root assays are used (Wine Australia project DED 1701). An asterisk in the colour code denotes testing based only on potted vine or excised root assay. Where tests for specific phylloxera strains and rootstock are unavailable, or a test for only one phylloxera strain is available, a general ranking is provided based on the weighted average ranking for the rootstock obtained from the national and international literature.

Susceptible rootstock: phylloxera breeds freely, and the vine is unable to withstand infestation.

Tolerant rootstock: phylloxera can feed, reproduce and cause root galling, but to a lesser extent than on own-rooted grapevines.

Resistant rootstock: phylloxera does not develop beyond the first instar stage. Feeding by the first instar does not result in root galling.

G1 G4 G7 G19 G20 G30 G38 General Ranking
Susceptible
Tolerant
Resistant
Not tested
See the distribution of the main phylloxera strains in Australia

Gravesac

Climate Cool [No Reference] Warm [No Reference] Hot [No Reference]
Vineyard Characteristics Rootstock Attributes *Weighted average rating
Irrigation water availability Drought tolerance 2.8
Overall vineyard vigour Vigour conferred by rootstock to scion 3.08
Soil salinity Tolerance to saline soil  
Soil drainage Tolerance to waterlogging 3
Soil pH Tolerance to soil acidity 4
Soil pH Tolerance to soil lime 3
Occurrence of Nematodes Resistance to Root Knot Nematodes 1

*1 = low, 2 = low to moderate, 3 = moderate, 4 = high, 5 = very high

For reference information on these and all other rootstock attributes click on ‘Information about all attributes for this rootstock’ below.

Notes:

  • Tolerance to soil salinity is unknown for this rootstock. If your site has soil salinity issues, you should consider another rootstock with proven soil salinity tolerance.
  • Limited information is available on tolerance to Root Knot Nematodes
  • Supply of this rootstock in Australia can be very limited so consult your nursery.

No information available for:

  • Rootstock tolerance to saline soils
Resistance to crown gall (Agrobacterium)    
Resistance to Cylindrocarpon sp.    
Resistance to Fusarium sp.    
Resistance to Phytophthora sp.    
Resistance to Pythium sp.    
Resistance to Rhizoctonia sp.    
Resistance to Downy Mildew Plasmopara viticola    
Resistance to Esca    
Resistance to Botryosphaeriaceae species    
Drought tolerance 3 [24][73][206] 1 [56] 4 [73] [References]
Tendency to K+ deficiency (potassium absorption)    
Scion grape juice pH 4 [171] [References]
Scion grape juice TA 3 [171] [References]
Scion grape juice Phenolics    
Scion grape juice Anthocyanins    
Scion grape juice chloride    
Scion grape juice sodium 2 [171] [References]
Scion grape juice Phosphorus 4 [171] [References]
Scion grape juice Nitrogen    
Scion grape juice Potassium 3 [171] [References]
Tendency to Mg-deficiency    
Nitrogen Uptake 2 [56] [References]
Effects on maturity (dependant on crop load) *A[ 56][96] [References]
Yield 2 [180] 4 [171] [References]
Rooting depth    
Vegetative Cycle *M [56] [References]
Vigour conferred to scion (dependant on vine management and best practise viticulture) 3 [24][27][35] 2 [56] 3-4 [96] 4 [114] [References]
Improves fruit set (&/or fertility)    
Nematode Resistance    
Citrus nematode resistance (Tylenchulus semipenetrans)    
Dagger nematode resistance (Xiphinema index)    
Pin Nematode Resistance (Criconemella Xenoplax)    
Root lesion nematode resistance (Pratylenchus spp.)    
Rootknot nematode resistance (Meloidogyne spp.) 1 [24] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. arenaria) - aggressive    
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. javanica) - 'standard' population    
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. incognita)    
Phylloxera resistance 4 [27][96] 4-5 [206] [References]
Phylloxera resistance on leaves (ie tolerance to phylloxera leaf galls)    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 1    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 4    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 7    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 19    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 20    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 30    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 38 4-5  
Ease of bench grafting 4 [27] [References]
Ease of rooting 4 [27] [References]
Affinity with V. vinifera    
Tolerance to saline soils    
Salt Tolerance Index    
Tolerance to soil acidity 4 [27][35][56][96][114] [References]
Tolerance to waterlogging 3 [24][27][56] [References]
Lime tolerance (% = active lime). Lime-induced chlorosis = iron chlorosis 4 [27] 3 [56][73] 2 [206] [References]
Other Characteristics    
Information    
*Notes Effects on maturity: A = Advance; D = Delay
Vegetative cycle: L = Long; VL = Very Long; M = Medium; S = Short		  

Phylloxera information

As a risk management option, rootstocks can be used to reduce susceptibility of vines to grape phylloxera compared to the use of the susceptible own-rooted (Vitis vinifera) variety. There are currently 115 genetic strains of phylloxera in Australia. The ability of rootstocks to withstand the impact of phylloxera infestations depends on the strain or strains of phylloxera present in the vineyard. Cultures of seven genetically diverse strains, G1, G4, G7, G19, G20, G30 and G38, are currently maintained for rootstock screening research. G1 and G4 predominate in Phylloxera Infested Zones (PIZs). Depending on the strain, rootstocks may be susceptible, tolerant or resistant, as defined and shown with colour coding in a table (below) for the rootstock. Wherever possible, results from in-field testing are incorporated in the table. Not all rootstocks have been tested against each of the representative phylloxera strains. When results from in-field testing are unavailable, results from potted vine and/or excised root assays are used (Wine Australia project DED 1701). An asterisk in the colour code denotes testing based only on potted vine or excised root assay. Where tests for specific phylloxera strains and rootstock are unavailable, or a test for only one phylloxera strain is available, a general ranking is provided based on the weighted average ranking for the rootstock obtained from the national and international literature.

Susceptible rootstock: phylloxera breeds freely, and the vine is unable to withstand infestation.

Tolerant rootstock: phylloxera can feed, reproduce and cause root galling, but to a lesser extent than on own-rooted grapevines.

Resistant rootstock: phylloxera does not develop beyond the first instar stage. Feeding by the first instar does not result in root galling.

G1 G4 G7 G19 G20 G30 G38 General Ranking
Susceptible
Tolerant
Resistant
Not tested
See the distribution of the main phylloxera strains in Australia

Kober 5BB (aka Teleki 5A & Teleki 5BB)

Climate Cool [3][96]
Vineyard Characteristics Rootstock Attributes *Weighted average rating
Irrigation water availability Drought tolerance 2.11
Overall vineyard vigour Vigour conferred by rootstock to scion 2.98
Soil salinity Tolerance to saline soil 1.88
Soil drainage Tolerance to waterlogging 1.44
Soil pH Tolerance to soil acidity 1.67
Soil pH Tolerance to soil lime 3.32
Occurrence of Nematodes Resistance to Root Knot Nematodes 3.04

*1 = low, 2 = low to moderate, 3 = moderate, 4 = high, 5 = very high

For reference information on these and all other rootstock attributes click on ‘Information about all attributes for this rootstock’ below.

Notes:

  • Noted to perform well in cool areas [29]
Resistance to crown gall (Agrobacterium) 4 [19][23][26][74] [References]
Resistance to Cylindrocarpon sp.    
Resistance to Fusarium sp.    
Resistance to Phytophthora sp. 1 [3][56][57] [References]
Resistance to Pythium sp.    
Resistance to Rhizoctonia sp.    
Resistance to Downy Mildew Plasmopara viticola    
Resistance to Esca 4 [148] [References]
Resistance to Botryosphaeriaceae species    
Drought tolerance 1 [3][23][26][29][36][50][52][103][143] 1 [15] 3 [18][40][43][47][56][73][96][98][103][104][120][166] 2 [19][94][98][102][137] 4 [56] 1-2 [140][142] 2-3 [206] [References]
Tendency to K+ deficiency (potassium absorption) 4 [56][164][168] 5 [204] [References]
Scion grape juice pH 3 [62][128] 4 [74][171] 2 [185] [References]
Scion grape juice TA 3 [128][171] 2 [201] 4 [202] [References]
Scion grape juice Phenolics    
Scion grape juice Anthocyanins 3 [133] 2 [202] [References]
Scion grape juice chloride 1 [122] 2-3 [128] [References]
Scion grape juice sodium 3 [171][201][202] 1 [63] 1&4 [128] [References]
Scion grape juice Phosphorus 3 [171] [References]
Scion grape juice Nitrogen    
Scion grape juice Potassium 4 [74][133][171] 1 [68][96] 3 [201] 2 [202] [References]
Tendency to Mg-deficiency 3[ 164][204] [References]
Nitrogen Uptake 4 [56] 3 [162][164] [References]
Effects on maturity (dependant on crop load) *D [56][202] *A [103] [References]
Yield 3-4 [57][96][128] 2 [127] 1 [180] 3 [171] 4 [185][188][190] [References]
Rooting depth 1-2 [3] 2-3 [8] 2 [131] [References]
Vegetative Cycle *S [3][57 ]*M [18][34][56]  
Vigour conferred to scion (dependant on vine management and best practise viticulture) 4 [36][56] 3-4 [3][18][19][40][57][96][98][166] 2 [15][29][34][102] 3 [23][56][68][99][103][104][131][180][185][188][190] 1 [36][127] 4-5 [142] [References]
Improves fruit set (&/or fertility) 1 [23] 3 [56] [References]
Nematode Resistance 4 [29][36 ]3-4 [57] 3 [98][103] [References]
Citrus nematode resistance (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) 4 [33] 1 [96] [References]
Dagger nematode resistance (Xiphinema index) 3 [9][15][102][104] 1 [40][96] [References]
Pin Nematode Resistance (Criconemella Xenoplax) 3 [33] 4 [33] [References]
Root lesion nematode resistance (Pratylenchus spp.) 1 [40][96] [References]
Rootknot nematode resistance (Meloidogyne spp.) 3 [3][8][9][15][18][19][26][99][102][104] 4 [11][33][40][96] 1 [23] 3-4[ 97][206] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. arenaria) - aggressive    
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. javanica) - 'standard' population 1 [114][117][173] 2 [160] 4 [161] 5 [194] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. incognita) 5 [160] [References]
Phylloxera resistance 5[ 3][15][29][57][102][194] 4 [9][23][36][40][74][99][104][166][206] 3 [19] [References]
Phylloxera resistance on leaves (ie tolerance to phylloxera leaf galls) 2 [104] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 1 4 [51][113] 5 [165] 4-5 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 4 4 [51] 5 [113][165][210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 7 3 [51][165 ]4 [113][210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 19 3 [51][165] 4 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 20 3 [51][165] 4 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 30 3 [51][165] 5 [113] 4-5 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 38 3  
Ease of bench grafting 4 [3][57] 3 [103] 1&4 [166] [References]
Ease of rooting 4 [3][57][103][146][188] 5 [29][102][104] 1&4 [166] [References]
Affinity with V. vinifera 3 [36] 5 [188] [References]
Tolerance to saline soils 1 [3][15][57][98] 1 [18][40][71][102] 3 [19][99][205][206] 4 [23] 2 [68][96] 1&3 [144] [References]
Salt Tolerance Index    
Tolerance to soil acidity 1 [18][23][102] 2 [19][56] 3 [204] [References]
Tolerance to waterlogging 1 [3][12][18][57][98][205] 2 [19][56] 3 [103] [References]
Lime tolerance (% = active lime). Lime-induced chlorosis = iron chlorosis 4 [3][18][57][96][98] 3-4[ 29] 20% [36][68][73][96][98] 3 [15][19][40][56][73][94][99][102][104][166][206] 21% [32] [References]
Other Characteristics For cool areas. [29] [References]
Information    
*Notes Effects on maturity: A = Advance; D = Delay
Vegetative cycle: L = Long; VL = Very Long; M = Medium; S = Short		  

Phylloxera information

As a risk management option, rootstocks can be used to reduce susceptibility of vines to grape phylloxera compared to the use of the susceptible own-rooted (Vitis vinifera) variety. There are currently 115 genetic strains of phylloxera in Australia. The ability of rootstocks to withstand the impact of phylloxera infestations depends on the strain or strains of phylloxera present in the vineyard. Cultures of seven genetically diverse strains, G1, G4, G7, G19, G20, G30 and G38, are currently maintained for rootstock screening research. G1 and G4 predominate in Phylloxera Infested Zones (PIZs). Depending on the strain, rootstocks may be susceptible, tolerant or resistant, as defined and shown with colour coding in a table (below) for the rootstock. Wherever possible, results from in-field testing are incorporated in the table. Not all rootstocks have been tested against each of the representative phylloxera strains. When results from in-field testing are unavailable, results from potted vine and/or excised root assays are used (Wine Australia project DED 1701). An asterisk in the colour code denotes testing based only on potted vine or excised root assay. Where tests for specific phylloxera strains and rootstock are unavailable, or a test for only one phylloxera strain is available, a general ranking is provided based on the weighted average ranking for the rootstock obtained from the national and international literature.

Susceptible rootstock: phylloxera breeds freely, and the vine is unable to withstand infestation.

Tolerant rootstock: phylloxera can feed, reproduce and cause root galling, but to a lesser extent than on own-rooted grapevines.

Resistant rootstock: phylloxera does not develop beyond the first instar stage. Feeding by the first instar does not result in root galling.

G1 G4 G7 G19 G20 G30 G38
*
Susceptible
Tolerant
Resistant
Not tested
See the distribution of the main phylloxera strains in Australia

Merbein 5489

Climate Cool [No Reference] Warm [No Reference] Hot [No Reference]
Vineyard Characteristics Rootstock Attributes *Weighted average rating
Irrigation water availability Drought tolerance 2
Overall vineyard vigour Vigour conferred by rootstock to scion 2.38
Soil salinity Tolerance to saline soil 3
Soil drainage Tolerance to waterlogging  
Soil pH Tolerance to soil acidity  
Soil pH Tolerance to soil lime  
Occurrence of Nematodes Resistance to Root Knot Nematodes 2.13

*1 = low, 2 = low to moderate, 3 = moderate, 4 = high, 5 = very high

For reference information on these and all other rootstock attributes click on ‘Information about all attributes for this rootstock’ below.

Notes:

  • Supply of this rootstock in Australia can be limited so consult with nursery suppliers.

No information available for:

  • Tolerance to waterlogged soils
  • Tolerance to soil acidity
  • Lime tolerance
Resistance to crown gall (Agrobacterium)    
Resistance to Cylindrocarpon sp.    
Resistance to Fusarium sp.    
Resistance to Phytophthora sp.    
Resistance to Pythium sp.    
Resistance to Rhizoctonia sp.    
Resistance to Downy Mildew Plasmopara viticola    
Resistance to Esca    
Resistance to Botryosphaeriaceae species    
Drought tolerance 2 [141][65] [References]
Tendency to K+ deficiency (potassium absorption)    
Scion grape juice pH 1 [56][67][96][105][117][141] 2 [128] [References]
Scion grape juice TA 2 [128] [References]
Scion grape juice Phenolics 4 [56][67][96][105][117] 3 [128] [References]
Scion grape juice Anthocyanins 4 [56][96][105][117] 4-5 [141] [References]
Scion grape juice chloride 1 [128] [References]
Scion grape juice sodium 1 [128][141] [References]
Scion grape juice Phosphorus    
Scion grape juice Nitrogen    
Scion grape juice Potassium 1 [56][96][105] 1-2 [141] [References]
Tendency to Mg-deficiency    
Nitrogen Uptake    
Effects on maturity (dependant on crop load) *D [128] [References]
Yield 3 [65][117][128][181] 4 [96][128] 3-4 [67] 2-3 [141] [References]
Rooting depth    
Vegetative Cycle    
Vigour conferred to scion (dependant on vine management and best practise viticulture) 3 [57][96][105] 2 [65][67][112][117][128] [References]
Improves fruit set (&/or fertility)    
Nematode Resistance 4 [57][96][105] [References]
Citrus nematode resistance (Tylenchulus semipenetrans)    
Dagger nematode resistance (Xiphinema index)    
Pin Nematode Resistance (Criconemella Xenoplax)    
Root lesion nematode resistance (Pratylenchus spp.)    
Rootknot nematode resistance (Meloidogyne spp.)    
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. arenaria) - aggressive    
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. javanica) - 'standard' population 1-2 [114][ 117 ]2 [160] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. incognita) 3-4 [96] [References]
Phylloxera resistance    
Phylloxera resistance on leaves (ie tolerance to phylloxera leaf galls)    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 1 4 [57][96][105][117][210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 4 4 [57][96][105][117][210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 7    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 19    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 20    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 30 4 [57][96][105][117][210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 38    
Ease of bench grafting    
Ease of rooting    
Affinity with V. vinifera    
Tolerance to saline soils 3 [128] [References]
Salt Tolerance Index 4 [128] [References]
Tolerance to soil acidity    
Tolerance to waterlogging    
Lime tolerance (% = active lime). Lime-induced chlorosis = iron chlorosis    
Other Characteristics    
Information    
*Notes Effects on maturity: A = Advance; D = Delay
Vegetative cycle: L = Long; VL = Very Long; M = Medium; S = Short		  

Phylloxera information

As a risk management option, rootstocks can be used to reduce susceptibility of vines to grape phylloxera compared to the use of the susceptible own-rooted (Vitis vinifera) variety. There are currently 115 genetic strains of phylloxera in Australia. The ability of rootstocks to withstand the impact of phylloxera infestations depends on the strain or strains of phylloxera present in the vineyard. Cultures of seven genetically diverse strains, G1, G4, G7, G19, G20, G30 and G38, are currently maintained for rootstock screening research. G1 and G4 predominate in Phylloxera Infested Zones (PIZs). Depending on the strain, rootstocks may be susceptible, tolerant or resistant, as defined and shown with colour coding in a table (below) for the rootstock. Wherever possible, results from in-field testing are incorporated in the table. Not all rootstocks have been tested against each of the representative phylloxera strains. When results from in-field testing are unavailable, results from potted vine and/or excised root assays are used (Wine Australia project DED 1701). An asterisk in the colour code denotes testing based only on potted vine or excised root assay. Where tests for specific phylloxera strains and rootstock are unavailable, or a test for only one phylloxera strain is available, a general ranking is provided based on the weighted average ranking for the rootstock obtained from the national and international literature.

Susceptible rootstock: phylloxera breeds freely, and the vine is unable to withstand infestation.

Tolerant rootstock: phylloxera can feed, reproduce and cause root galling, but to a lesser extent than on own-rooted grapevines.

Resistant rootstock: phylloxera does not develop beyond the first instar stage. Feeding by the first instar does not result in root galling.

G1 G4 G7 G19 G20 G30 G38
* * *
Susceptible
Tolerant
Resistant
Not tested
See the distribution of the main phylloxera strains in Australia

Merbein 5512

Climate Cool [No Reference] Warm [No Reference] Hot [No Reference]
Vineyard Characteristics Rootstock Attributes *Weighted average rating
Irrigation water availability Drought tolerance 2
Overall vineyard vigour Vigour conferred by rootstock to scion 1.86
Soil salinity Tolerance to saline soil 3
Soil drainage Tolerance to waterlogging  
Soil pH Tolerance to soil acidity  
Soil pH Tolerance to soil lime  
Occurrence of Nematodes Resistance to Root Knot Nematodes 3.13

*1 = low, 2 = low to moderate, 3 = moderate, 4 = high, 5 = very high

For reference information on these and all other rootstock attributes click on ‘Information about all attributes for this rootstock’ below.

Notes:

  • Supply of this rootstock in Australia can be limited so consult with nursery suppliers.

No information available for:

  • Tolerance to waterlogged soils
  • Tolerance to soil acidity
  • Lime tolerance
Resistance to crown gall (Agrobacterium)    
Resistance to Cylindrocarpon sp.    
Resistance to Fusarium sp.    
Resistance to Phytophthora sp.    
Resistance to Pythium sp.    
Resistance to Rhizoctonia sp.    
Resistance to Downy Mildew Plasmopara viticola    
Resistance to Esca    
Resistance to Botryosphaeriaceae species    
Drought tolerance 2 [141][65] [References]
Tendency to K+ deficiency (potassium absorption)    
Scion grape juice pH 1 [56][96][105][117][141] 2 [67][128] [References]
Scion grape juice TA 1 [128] [References]
Scion grape juice Phenolics 4 [56][96][105][117] 3 [67] 2 [128] [References]
Scion grape juice Anthocyanins 4 [56][96][105][117] 5 [141] [References]
Scion grape juice chloride 1 [128] [References]
Scion grape juice sodium 1 [128] [References]
Scion grape juice Phosphorus    
Scion grape juice Nitrogen    
Scion grape juice Potassium 1 [56][96][105] 3 [141] [References]
Tendency to Mg-deficiency    
Nitrogen Uptake    
Effects on maturity (dependant on crop load) *D [128] [References]
Yield 3 [65][96][128] 1 [67][117][141] 4 [181] [References]
Rooting depth    
Vegetative Cycle    
Vigour conferred to scion (dependant on vine management and best practise viticulture) 2 [65][67][105][112][117][128] 1 [96] [References]
Improves fruit set (&/or fertility)    
Nematode Resistance 4 [96][105] [References]
Citrus nematode resistance (Tylenchulus semipenetrans)    
Dagger nematode resistance (Xiphinema index)    
Pin Nematode Resistance (Criconemella Xenoplax)    
Root lesion nematode resistance (Pratylenchus spp.)    
Rootknot nematode resistance (Meloidogyne spp.)    
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. arenaria) - aggressive    
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. javanica) - 'standard' population 3 [114][ 117][ 160] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. incognita) 3-4 [96] [References]
Phylloxera resistance    
Phylloxera resistance on leaves (ie tolerance to phylloxera leaf galls)    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 1    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 4 4 [96][105][117][210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 7    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 19    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 20    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 30 4 [96][105][117][ 210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 38    
Ease of bench grafting    
Ease of rooting    
Affinity with V. vinifera    
Tolerance to saline soils 3 [128] [References]
Salt Tolerance Index 3 [128] [References]
Tolerance to soil acidity    
Tolerance to waterlogging    
Lime tolerance (% = active lime). Lime-induced chlorosis = iron chlorosis    
Other Characteristics    
Information    
*Notes Effects on maturity: A = Advance; D = Delay
Vegetative cycle: L = Long; VL = Very Long; M = Medium; S = Short		  

Phylloxera information

As a risk management option, rootstocks can be used to reduce susceptibility of vines to grape phylloxera compared to the use of the susceptible own-rooted (Vitis vinifera) variety. There are currently 115 genetic strains of phylloxera in Australia. The ability of rootstocks to withstand the impact of phylloxera infestations depends on the strain or strains of phylloxera present in the vineyard. Cultures of seven genetically diverse strains, G1, G4, G7, G19, G20, G30 and G38, are currently maintained for rootstock screening research. G1 and G4 predominate in Phylloxera Infested Zones (PIZs). Depending on the strain, rootstocks may be susceptible, tolerant or resistant, as defined and shown with colour coding in a table (below) for the rootstock. Wherever possible, results from in-field testing are incorporated in the table. Not all rootstocks have been tested against each of the representative phylloxera strains. When results from in-field testing are unavailable, results from potted vine and/or excised root assays are used (Wine Australia project DED 1701). An asterisk in the colour code denotes testing based only on potted vine or excised root assay. Where tests for specific phylloxera strains and rootstock are unavailable, or a test for only one phylloxera strain is available, a general ranking is provided based on the weighted average ranking for the rootstock obtained from the national and international literature.

Susceptible rootstock: phylloxera breeds freely, and the vine is unable to withstand infestation.

Tolerant rootstock: phylloxera can feed, reproduce and cause root galling, but to a lesser extent than on own-rooted grapevines.

Resistant rootstock: phylloxera does not develop beyond the first instar stage. Feeding by the first instar does not result in root galling.

G1 G4 G7 G19 G20 G30 G38
* *
Susceptible
Tolerant
Resistant
Not tested
See the distribution of the main phylloxera strains in Australia

Paulsen 775

Climate Cool [No Reference] Warm [No Reference] Hot [No Reference]
Vineyard Characteristics Rootstock Attributes *Weighted average rating
Irrigation water availability Drought tolerance 4.33
Overall vineyard vigour Vigour conferred by rootstock to scion 3.83
Soil salinity Tolerance to saline soil 3.5
Soil drainage Tolerance to waterlogging 4
Soil pH Tolerance to soil acidity  
Soil pH Tolerance to soil lime 4
Occurrence of Nematodes Resistance to Root Knot Nematodes 4

*1 = low, 2 = low to moderate, 3 = moderate, 4 = high, 5 = very high

For reference information on these and all other rootstock attributes click on ‘Information about all attributes for this rootstock’ below.

Notes:

  • Supply of this rootstock in Australia can be limited so consult your nursery.
  • Limited information is available on tolerance to waterlogging.

No information available for:

  • Tolerance to soil acidity
Resistance to crown gall (Agrobacterium) 5 [26] [References]
Resistance to Cylindrocarpon sp.    
Resistance to Fusarium sp.    
Resistance to Phytophthora sp. 4 [207] [References]
Resistance to Pythium sp.    
Resistance to Rhizoctonia sp.    
Resistance to Downy Mildew Plasmopara viticola    
Resistance to Esca    
Resistance to Botryosphaeriaceae species    
Drought tolerance 3 [26] 5 [73] 5 [207] [References]
Tendency to K+ deficiency (potassium absorption)    
Scion grape juice pH    
Scion grape juice TA    
Scion grape juice Phenolics    
Scion grape juice Anthocyanins 4 [133] [References]
Scion grape juice chloride    
Scion grape juice sodium    
Scion grape juice Phosphorus    
Scion grape juice Nitrogen    
Scion grape juice Potassium 3 [133] [References]
Tendency to Mg-deficiency    
Nitrogen Uptake    
Effects on maturity (dependant on crop load) *A [133] [References]
Yield 4 [76] [References]
Rooting depth    
Vegetative Cycle    
Vigour conferred to scion (dependant on vine management and best practise viticulture) 3 [36] 3-4 [57] 5 [207] [References]
Improves fruit set (&/or fertility)    
Nematode Resistance 3 [207] [References]
Citrus nematode resistance (Tylenchulus semipenetrans)    
Dagger nematode resistance (Xiphinema index)    
Pin Nematode Resistance (Criconemella Xenoplax)    
Root lesion nematode resistance (Pratylenchus spp.)    
Rootknot nematode resistance (Meloidogyne spp.) 4 [26] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. arenaria) - aggressive    
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. javanica) - 'standard' population 3 [160] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. incognita) 5 [160] [References]
Phylloxera resistance 4 [207] [References]
Phylloxera resistance on leaves (ie tolerance to phylloxera leaf galls)    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 1    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 4    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 7    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 19    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 20    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 30    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 38 3  
Ease of bench grafting    
Ease of rooting    
Affinity with V. vinifera 3 [207] [References]
Tolerance to saline soils 3 [26][206] 4 [207] [References]
Salt Tolerance Index    
Tolerance to soil acidity    
Tolerance to waterlogging 4 [207] [References]
Lime tolerance (% = active lime). Lime-induced chlorosis = iron chlorosis 4 [73][207] [References]
Other Characteristics    
Information    
*Notes Effects on maturity: A = Advance; D = Delay
Vegetative cycle: L = Long; VL = Very Long; M = Medium; S = Short		  

Phylloxera information

As a risk management option, rootstocks can be used to reduce susceptibility of vines to grape phylloxera compared to the use of the susceptible own-rooted (Vitis vinifera) variety. There are currently 115 genetic strains of phylloxera in Australia. The ability of rootstocks to withstand the impact of phylloxera infestations depends on the strain or strains of phylloxera present in the vineyard. Cultures of seven genetically diverse strains, G1, G4, G7, G19, G20, G30 and G38, are currently maintained for rootstock screening research. G1 and G4 predominate in Phylloxera Infested Zones (PIZs). Depending on the strain, rootstocks may be susceptible, tolerant or resistant, as defined and shown with colour coding in a table (below) for the rootstock. Wherever possible, results from in-field testing are incorporated in the table. Not all rootstocks have been tested against each of the representative phylloxera strains. When results from in-field testing are unavailable, results from potted vine and/or excised root assays are used (Wine Australia project DED 1701). An asterisk in the colour code denotes testing based only on potted vine or excised root assay. Where tests for specific phylloxera strains and rootstock are unavailable, or a test for only one phylloxera strain is available, a general ranking is provided based on the weighted average ranking for the rootstock obtained from the national and international literature.

Susceptible rootstock: phylloxera breeds freely, and the vine is unable to withstand infestation.

Tolerant rootstock: phylloxera can feed, reproduce and cause root galling, but to a lesser extent than on own-rooted grapevines.

Resistant rootstock: phylloxera does not develop beyond the first instar stage. Feeding by the first instar does not result in root galling.

G1 G4 G7 G19 G20 G30 G38 General Ranking
Susceptible
Tolerant
Resistant
Not tested
See the distribution of the main phylloxera strains in Australia

Paulsen 1103

Climate Cool [3][96] Warm [3][96] Hot [96]
Vineyard Characteristics Rootstock Attributes *Weighted average rating
Irrigation water availability Drought tolerance 3.81
Overall vineyard vigour Vigour conferred by rootstock to scion 3.59
Soil salinity Tolerance to saline soil 3.56
Soil drainage Tolerance to waterlogging 2.93
Soil pH Tolerance to soil acidity 3.38
Soil pH Tolerance to soil lime 3.36
Occurrence of Nematodes Resistance to Root Knot Nematodes 2.62

*1 = low, 2 = low to moderate, 3 = moderate, 4 = high, 5 = very high

For reference information on these and all other rootstock attributes click on ‘Information about all attributes for this rootstock’ below.

Notes:

  • Not recommended for poor set varieties [96]
  • Long term exposure to moderately saline soil (saturation paste EC 2-6 dS/m) may result in high levels of Cl and Na in grape juice [60][116].

Incompatible with: Cabernet Franc[3][10]

Resistance to crown gall (Agrobacterium) 2 [19][26] [References]
Resistance to Cylindrocarpon sp.    
Resistance to Fusarium sp. 4 [155] [References]
Resistance to Phytophthora sp. 1 [9][23][26][102][207] [References]
Resistance to Pythium sp.    
Resistance to Rhizoctonia sp.    
Resistance to Downy Mildew Plasmopara viticola    
Resistance to Esca 3 [148] [References]
Resistance to Botryosphaeriaceae species    
Drought tolerance 5 [73][96][99][102][207] 4 [3][6][9][15][18][23][24][40][47][52][56][68][73][74][96][98][102][103][114][120][139][143][158][166][199][208] 3 [19][23][43][52][205] 2 [26][153] 1 [119] 3-4 [140][141][142] 4-5 [206] [References]
Tendency to K+ deficiency (potassium absorption) 4 [24][163] [References]
Scion grape juice pH 1[ 64][74] 4 [68][74][76][126] 3 [65][ 67][171] 2 [128][116] 1-3 [141] [References]
Scion grape juice TA 4 [82][171] 3 [128][116][126] 3-4 [75 ] [References]
Scion grape juice Phenolics 2 [67 ]1 [75][126] 4 [128] [References]
Scion grape juice Anthocyanins 4[ 68][82][198] 1 [75] 2 [126] 1-3 [141] [References]
Scion grape juice chloride 1 [85][98][106][108][111][122][128] 2 [125] 3-4 [75][116 ]4 [150] [References]
Scion grape juice sodium 1 [98][108][111][128][141] 2-4 [116] 1-4 [75] 2 [125][126] 4 [150] 3 [171] 2&4 [198] [References]
Scion grape juice Phosphorus 3-4 [126] 4 [171] [References]
Scion grape juice Nitrogen    
Scion grape juice Potassium 1 [64][68][74][96] 4 [58][68][74][86][126] 2&4 [141] 3 [170][171] [References]
Tendency to Mg-deficiency 1 [18][24][68] 4 [163] [References]
Nitrogen Uptake 2 [56][157][163] 3 [126] [References]
Effects on maturity (dependant on crop load) *D [3][57][96][103] *A [128] [References]
Yield 4 [59][68][70][116][127][141][171] 1 [57][66][180] 2 [67][128][154][155][189][190] 3-4 [96][75] 3 [65][125][181][185][198] [References]
Rooting depth 4 [3 ]2 [131][206] [References]
Vegetative Cycle *L [3][18][52][57][96][102][155] *VL [56] [References]
Vigour conferred to scion (dependant on vine management and best practise viticulture) 4 [23][36][56][66][67][68][103][107][108][109][125][127][143][166][177][178][197][206] 3-4 [3][18][24][96][98][20] 3 [15][19][26][40][52][65][99][102][112][180][185] 2 [131][190] 5 [142][207] [References]
Improves fruit set (&/or fertility) 1 [96] 2 [132][189] 4 [123][166][187] 3-4 [154] [References]
Nematode Resistance 2 [52] 3 [57][207][208] [References]
Citrus nematode resistance (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) 3 [33][96] 4 [33] [References]
Dagger nematode resistance (Xiphinema index) 3 [9][15][102] 1 [40][96] [References]
Pin Nematode Resistance (Criconemella Xenoplax) 4 [33] [References]
Root lesion nematode resistance (Pratylenchus spp.) 3 [40][96] [References]
Rootknot nematode resistance (Meloidogyne spp.) 4 [3][24][33][98] 3 [9][18][19][26][33][99] 3-4 [15][40][96][102] 1 [101] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. arenaria) - aggressive 2 [45] 1 [101] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. javanica) - 'standard' population 2 [45][160] 1 [101][114][117][173] 4 [161] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. incognita) 1 [101] 1&5 [160] [References]
Phylloxera resistance 4 [3][9][15][36][40][99][102][104][206][207] 5 [5][23] 3 [19][26] [References]
Phylloxera resistance on leaves (ie tolerance to phylloxera leaf galls)    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 1 3 [51][165] 5 [113] 4-5 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 4 3 [51] 5 [113][165][210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 7 4 [51] 5 [165][210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 19 3 [51][165] 4 [113][210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 20 4 [51] 5 [165][210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 30 3 [51] 5 [165][210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 38 4-5 [References]
Ease of bench grafting 4 [3][57][103][200] 3 [52] 1 [166] [References]
Ease of rooting 4 [3][26][57][103] 3 [52][102] 1 [166] [References]
Affinity with V. vinifera 5 [26][207] 4 [36][52][200] 3 [26] [References]
Tolerance to saline soils 1 [89] 3 [3][15][19][23][26][57][60][68][71][102][144][206][207] 4 [40][18][36][40][68][85][98][99][102][ 107][110][114][135][147][149][182][197][205][208] 5 [96] [References]
Salt Tolerance Index 3 [128] [References]
Tolerance to soil acidity 4 [3][57][96][98][102] 3 [18] 2 [19][56] [References]
Tolerance to waterlogging 1 [9][12] 3 [18][19][52][56][96][98][103][208] 4 [24][26][68][207] 2 [205] [References]
Lime tolerance (% = active lime). Lime-induced chlorosis = iron chlorosis 4-5 [3] 4 [18][73][94][98][99][158][207] 17% [36][52][68][73] 3 [15][19][40][73][102][157] 17-18% [96][98] 20% [36] 2 [56][206] 3-4 [96] 1&4 [166] [References]
Other Characteristics Long term exposure to moderately saline soil (saturation paste EC 2-6 dS/m) may result in high levels of Cl and Na in grape juice[ 60][116]. Not recommended for varieties with poor fruit set [96]. A decrease in grape juice K+ concentration with increasing salinity [108] [References]
Information SARDI long term rootstock trial [208] observed vegetative decline and yield collapse under severe drought stress. Walker et al [122] noted a similar observation during the millennium drought in Langhorne Creek when water availability was low and salt levels were high. [References]
*Notes Effects on maturity: A = Advance; D = Delay
Vegetative cycle: L = Long; VL = Very Long; M = Medium; S = Short		 [References]

Phylloxera information

As a risk management option, rootstocks can be used to reduce susceptibility of vines to grape phylloxera compared to the use of the susceptible own-rooted (Vitis vinifera) variety. There are currently 115 genetic strains of phylloxera in Australia. The ability of rootstocks to withstand the impact of phylloxera infestations depends on the strain or strains of phylloxera present in the vineyard. Cultures of seven genetically diverse strains, G1, G4, G7, G19, G20, G30 and G38, are currently maintained for rootstock screening research. G1 and G4 predominate in Phylloxera Infested Zones (PIZs). Depending on the strain, rootstocks may be susceptible, tolerant or resistant, as defined and shown with colour coding in a table (below) for the rootstock. Wherever possible, results from in-field testing are incorporated in the table. Not all rootstocks have been tested against each of the representative phylloxera strains. When results from in-field testing are unavailable, results from potted vine and/or excised root assays are used (Wine Australia project DED 1701). An asterisk in the colour code denotes testing based only on potted vine or excised root assay. Where tests for specific phylloxera strains and rootstock are unavailable, or a test for only one phylloxera strain is available, a general ranking is provided based on the weighted average ranking for the rootstock obtained from the national and international literature.

Susceptible rootstock: phylloxera breeds freely, and the vine is unable to withstand infestation.

Tolerant rootstock: phylloxera can feed, reproduce and cause root galling, but to a lesser extent than on own-rooted grapevines.

Resistant rootstock: phylloxera does not develop beyond the first instar stage. Feeding by the first instar does not result in root galling.

G1 G4 G7 G19 G20 G30 G38
Susceptible
Tolerant
Resistant
Not tested
See the distribution of the main phylloxera strains in Australia

Ramsey

Climate Cool [3] Warm [3] Hot [96]
Vineyard Characteristics Rootstock Attributes *Weighted average rating
Irrigation water availability Drought tolerance 3.83
Overall vineyard vigour Vigour conferred by rootstock to scion 4.11
Soil salinity Tolerance to saline soil 4.05
Soil drainage Tolerance to waterlogging 2.07
Soil pH Tolerance to soil acidity 3.4
Soil pH Tolerance to soil lime 2.83
Occurrence of Nematodes Resistance to Root Knot Nematodes 4.15

*1 = low, 2 = low to moderate, 3 = moderate, 4 = high, 5 = very high

For reference information on these and all other rootstock attributes click on ‘Information about all attributes for this rootstock’ below.

Notes:

  • Reduced bud fruitfulness [3].
  • Susceptible to zinc deficiency [15][29][34][99].
  • Increased potassium levels have been observed in grape juice in some situations[96]
  • Not suited to soils prone to spring waterlogging [57][96][98]
  • Long term exposure to moderately saline soil (saturation paste EC 2-6 dS/m) may result in high levels of Cl and Na in grape juice [60][116].
  • Ramsey can confer very high vigour[128] which can be undesirable in some situations

Incompatible with: Muscat[3][4][9][15][ 23], Harslevelu, Muscadelle, Souzao[3][10], Barlinka[10][23][34][102], Early Muscat, Malta Seedless[10][23], Menindee Seedless, Muscadet, Muscat Blanc, Muscat Gordo Blanco[29][31][34][102]  and Muscat Hamburg[10]

Resistance to crown gall (Agrobacterium) 1 [4][19][26] [References]
Resistance to Cylindrocarpon sp. 1 [22] [References]
Resistance to Fusarium sp. 1 [22] [References]
Resistance to Phytophthora sp. 4 [9][22][26][102] [References]
Resistance to Pythium sp. 1 [22] [References]
Resistance to Rhizoctonia sp. 1 [22] [References]
Resistance to Downy Mildew Plasmopara viticola    
Resistance to Esca    
Resistance to Botryosphaeriaceae species    
Drought tolerance 4 [6][15][18][23][43][68][96][98][104][114][119][120][152][153][205][208] 3 [19][73][99][102][142][199] 2 [26] 3-4 [40][143] 5 [57][96][141][145] 3-5 [206] [References]
Tendency to K+ deficiency (potassium absorption) 5 [3] 4 [23] [References]
Scion grape juice pH 1 [57][119] 3 [15][62][128] 4 [33][67][68][74][111] 2 [116] 3-4 [57][128] 5 [126] 1&3 [141] [References]
Scion grape juice TA 1 [33][128] 4 [67][74][77][119] 3-4 [75][116] 3 [126] [References]
Scion grape juice Phenolics 3 [33][75] 1 [67][114][126] 2 [128] [References]
Scion grape juice Anthocyanins 2 [126] 3 [33][75][98] 4 [57][68] 1 [141] [References]
Scion grape juice chloride 3 [33] 1 [57][98][106][108][111][125][128] 3-4 [75][116 ]2 [122] [References]
Scion grape juice sodium 4 [33] 1 [79][98][111][128][63] 2 [116][125][126] 3-4 [75] 3 [141] [References]
Scion grape juice Phosphorus 5 [72] 4 [78] 3-4 [12] [References]
Scion grape juice Nitrogen 4 [33][78] 5 [72] [References]
Scion grape juice Potassium 4[ 33][57][58][74][77][78][79][96][98][126] 3 [141][170] [References]
Tendency to Mg-deficiency 3 [78] [References]
Nitrogen Uptake 3 [126] [References]
Effects on maturity (dependant on crop load) *D [3][4][33][57][96][98][126] [References]
Yield 4 [57][67][76][77][85][96][98][106][116][125][127][141][152][153][179] 3-4 [57][75] 5 [128] 3 [65][119][175] 4 [181] [References]
Rooting depth    
Vegetative Cycle *L [18][96] *VL [34] [References]
Vigour conferred to scion (dependant on vine management and best practise viticulture) 5 [3][15][57][68][96][98][142] 4 [4][23][26][29][40][45][54][65][67][74][99][102][104][106][107][108][109][112][127][208] 3-4 [18][19][57] 3 [65][125] [References]
Improves fruit set (&/or fertility) 3 [57] 4 [123] 1 [187] [References]
Nematode Resistance 4 [29][74][99][208] 3 [57] 5 [57][98] [References]
Citrus nematode resistance (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) 3 [33][54] 4 [23][33][96][97] 5 [23] [References]
Dagger nematode resistance (Xiphinema index) 1 [9][15][23][40][96][102][104][206] 2 [104] [References]
Pin Nematode Resistance (Criconemella Xenoplax) 4 [33] 3 [33] [References]
Root lesion nematode resistance (Pratylenchus spp.) 4 [9][15][40][54][96][102][104] 5 [33] [References]
Rootknot nematode resistance (Meloidogyne spp.) 5 [3][9][206] 4 [4][8][15][18][19][23][26][33][40][74][96][97][99][102][104] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. arenaria) - aggressive 1 [45] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. javanica) - 'standard' population 3-4 [45] 5 [114][117][160][173] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. incognita) 5 [160] [References]
Phylloxera resistance 4 [3][9][15][23][31][40][57][102][104][206] 3-4 [29] 3 [4][19][25][26][104] [References]
Phylloxera resistance on leaves (ie tolerance to phylloxera leaf galls) 2 [104] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 1 3 [51][165] 5 [113] 4-5 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 4 3 [51][165] 4 [113][210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 7 3 [51][165] 4 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 19 3 [51][165] 4 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 20 3 [51][165] 4 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 30 3 [51][165] 4 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 38 3  
Ease of bench grafting 4 [57] 3 [200] [References]
Ease of rooting 1 [26][29][54][57][102][104] [References]
Affinity with V. vinifera 1 [26] 4 [200]  
Tolerance to saline soils 5 [3][4][23][54][57] 4 [9][18][19][23][26][40][54][57][68][74][76][98][99][102][106][107][110][114][144][208] 3 [60] 2 [147] 3-4 [96][205] 4-5 [206] [References]
Salt Tolerance Index 3 [128] [References]
Tolerance to soil acidity 3 [18][19][102] 4 [23][57] [References]
Tolerance to waterlogging 3 [3][4][12][26][57] 4 [9] 1 [18][23][55][96][98][208] 2 [19][57][68] [References]
Lime tolerance (% = active lime). Lime-induced chlorosis = iron chlorosis 3 [4][15][18][19][29][40][68][96][99][102][104] 1 [27] [References]
Other Characteristics Reduced bud fruitfulness3. Susceptible to zinc deficiency.[15][29][34][99]. Long term exposure to moderately saline saline soil (saturation paste EC 2-6 dS/m) may result in high levels of Cl and Na in grape juice [60][116]. Increased potassium levels have been observed in grape juice in some situations [96] Not suited to soils prone to spring waterlogging [57][96][98] [References]
Information SARDI long term rootstock trial [208] observed scions on Ramsey often contained higher concentrations of Na and Cl than vines grafted to other rootstock. Walker et al [128] noted higher concentrations of Cl in laminae of Ramsey compared with some other rootstocks, however Ramsey would still be classified as a moderate to good salt excluder. The SARDI observations are also similar to observations made in the Walker et al (2014)[116] long term salinity study (Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 20, 496-506). [References]
*Notes Effects on maturity: A = Advance; D = Delay
Vegetative cycle: L = Long; VL = Very Long; M = Medium; S = Short		 [References]

Phylloxera information

As a risk management option, rootstocks can be used to reduce susceptibility of vines to grape phylloxera compared to the use of the susceptible own-rooted (Vitis vinifera) variety. There are currently 115 genetic strains of phylloxera in Australia. The ability of rootstocks to withstand the impact of phylloxera infestations depends on the strain or strains of phylloxera present in the vineyard. Cultures of seven genetically diverse strains, G1, G4, G7, G19, G20, G30 and G38, are currently maintained for rootstock screening research. G1 and G4 predominate in Phylloxera Infested Zones (PIZs). Depending on the strain, rootstocks may be susceptible, tolerant or resistant, as defined and shown with colour coding in a table (below) for the rootstock. Wherever possible, results from in-field testing are incorporated in the table. Not all rootstocks have been tested against each of the representative phylloxera strains. When results from in-field testing are unavailable, results from potted vine and/or excised root assays are used (Wine Australia project DED 1701). An asterisk in the colour code denotes testing based only on potted vine or excised root assay. Where tests for specific phylloxera strains and rootstock are unavailable, or a test for only one phylloxera strain is available, a general ranking is provided based on the weighted average ranking for the rootstock obtained from the national and international literature.

Susceptible rootstock: phylloxera breeds freely, and the vine is unable to withstand infestation.

Tolerant rootstock: phylloxera can feed, reproduce and cause root galling, but to a lesser extent than on own-rooted grapevines.

Resistant rootstock: phylloxera does not develop beyond the first instar stage. Feeding by the first instar does not result in root galling.

G1 G4 G7 G19 G20 G30 G38
*
Susceptible
Tolerant
Resistant
Not tested
See the distribution of the main phylloxera strains in Australia

Richter 110

Climate Cool [3][96] Warm [3][96] Hot [96]
Vineyard Characteristics Rootstock Attributes *Weighted average rating
Irrigation water availability Drought tolerance 4.16
Overall vineyard vigour Vigour conferred by rootstock to scion 3.17
Soil salinity Tolerance to saline soil 3
Soil drainage Tolerance to waterlogging 3.07
Soil pH Tolerance to soil acidity 3.7
Soil pH Tolerance to soil lime 3.37
Occurrence of Nematodes Resistance to Root Knot Nematodes 2.65

*1 = low, 2 = low to moderate, 3 = moderate, 4 = high, 5 = very high

For reference information on these and all other rootstock attributes click on ‘Information about all attributes for this rootstock’ below.

Notes:

  • Not appropriate for varieties with irregular set [57][96].
  • Suited to warm areas with arid climates [3]
Resistance to crown gall (Agrobacterium) 1 [19][23][26] [References]
Resistance to Cylindrocarpon sp.    
Resistance to Fusarium sp. 4 [155] [References]
Resistance to Phytophthora sp. 3 [9][102] 2[ 26][207]  
Resistance to Pythium sp.   [References]
Resistance to Rhizoctonia sp.    
Resistance to Downy Mildew Plasmopara viticola    
Resistance to Esca    
Resistance to Botryosphaeriaceae species    
Drought tolerance 4 [3][6][9][15][18][19][23][24][26][38][52][57][68][73][74][94][96][98][103][114][119][136][138][139][140][142][143][145][153][158][166][208] 5 [17][32][47][52][73][96][102][104][192][207] 3 [56][199][205] 4-5 [206] [References]
Tendency to K+ deficiency (potassium absorption) 1 [24] 4 [56][157] 3 [172] [References]
Scion grape juice pH 1 [15][57][62][64][95][128] 2 [171][186] 3 [190] [References]
Scion grape juice TA 1 [39] 4 [66][171][186] 2 [128][185] [References]
Scion grape juice Phenolics 1 [114] 3 [128] 2 [185] [References]
Scion grape juice Anthocyanins 4 [198] [References]
Scion grape juice chloride 1 [57][122][128 ] [References]
Scion grape juice sodium 1 [57][128][63] 3 [171] 2-3 [198] [References]
Scion grape juice Phosphorus 4 [74] 3 [171] [References]
Scion grape juice Nitrogen 4 [172] [References]
Scion grape juice Potassium 1 [57][64][68][96] 4 [74][170][174] 2 [171] [References]
Tendency to Mg-deficiency 4 [18][24][56] [References]
Nitrogen Uptake 2 [56][157] [References]
Effects on maturity (dependant on crop load) *D [3][36][56][57][96][98][103][186] *A [32][56] [References]
Yield 2 [180][185] 4 [171][186][190][198] 3 [128] [References]
Rooting depth 3 [3][131] 2-3 [8 ]1[ 23] [References]
Vegetative Cycle *L [3][18][56][57][96][98][155] *VL [52] S [56] [References]
Vigour conferred to scion (dependant on vine management and best practise viticulture) 3-4 [3][24][57][68][98] 4 [23][66][103][131][151][166][186][206] 1 [15][23][180] 3 [18][26][52][96][102][193][197][208] 2 [19][56][57][104][185][190] 5 [32][56][207] 4-5 [142] [References]
Improves fruit set (&/or fertility) 1 [96][154] 4 [166][187] [References]
Nematode Resistance 4 [31] 3[ 36][57][98][103][207][208] 2 [52] [References]
Citrus nematode resistance (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) 4 [33] 3 [96] [References]
Dagger nematode resistance (Xiphinema index) 1 [9][15][23][96][102] 2 [53] [References]
Pin Nematode Resistance (Criconemella Xenoplax) 4 [33] [References]
Root lesion nematode resistance (Pratylenchus spp.) 1 [9][15][96][102] 2 [30][104] 3 [97] [References]
Rootknot nematode resistance (Meloidogyne spp.) 3 [3][8][9][15][18][30][96][102][104] 2 [19][26] 1 [24][101] 4 [33] 3-4 [206] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. arenaria) - aggressive 1 [101] 3 [45] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. javanica) - 'standard' population 1 [101] 3 [45] 5 [160] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. incognita) 1 [101][160] [References]
Phylloxera resistance 4 [3][19][26][36][57][102][104][206][207] 5 [9][15][23] 3 [25][69] [References]
Phylloxera resistance on leaves (ie tolerance to phylloxera leaf galls) 4 [104] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 1 3 [51][165] 4 [113][210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 4 3 [51][165] 4 [113][210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 7 4 [51][113] 5 [165] 4-5 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 19 4 [51] 5 [165] 4-5 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 20 3 [51][165] 4 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 30 4 [51] 5 [113][165] 4-5 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 38 3 [References]
Ease of bench grafting 4 [3] 3 [32][52][103][200] 1 [57][166] [References]
Ease of rooting 4 [3] 3 [26][32][52][102][104] 1 [57][103][166] [References]
Affinity with V. vinifera 5 [26][32][207] 4 [52][200] [References]
Tolerance to saline soils 3 [18][19][23][26][68][206][208] 2[ 96][197] 4 [205][207] [References]
Salt Tolerance Index 4 [128] [References]
Tolerance to soil acidity 4 [9][13][23][57][96][98][207] 3 [18][19][56] [References]
Tolerance to waterlogging 4 [3][26][96][207] 3 [9][12][18][19][52][56][98][208] 1 [24] 2 [205] [References]
Lime tolerance (% = active lime). Lime-induced chlorosis = iron chlorosis 5 [3] 3 [9][15][19][73][102][104][196] 4 [18][73][94][98][158][159][207] 17% [32][36][52][68][73][96][98 ]2[ 56][206] 3-4 [96] 1&4 [166] [References]
Other Characteristics

Not appropriate for varieties with irregular set [57]. Warm areas with arid climates3. Not suited to scion varieties with irregular set [96]

 [References]
Information SARDI long term rootstock trial [208] observed 110 Richter vigour: smaller canopies than vines grafted to other rootstocks. [References]
*Notes Effects on maturity: A = Advance; D = Delay
Vegetative cycle: L = Long; VL = Very Long; M = Medium; S = Short		 [References]

Phylloxera information

As a risk management option, rootstocks can be used to reduce susceptibility of vines to grape phylloxera compared to the use of the susceptible own-rooted (Vitis vinifera) variety. There are currently 115 genetic strains of phylloxera in Australia. The ability of rootstocks to withstand the impact of phylloxera infestations depends on the strain or strains of phylloxera present in the vineyard. Cultures of seven genetically diverse strains, G1, G4, G7, G19, G20, G30 and G38, are currently maintained for rootstock screening research. G1 and G4 predominate in Phylloxera Infested Zones (PIZs). Depending on the strain, rootstocks may be susceptible, tolerant or resistant, as defined and shown with colour coding in a table (below) for the rootstock. Wherever possible, results from in-field testing are incorporated in the table. Not all rootstocks have been tested against each of the representative phylloxera strains. When results from in-field testing are unavailable, results from potted vine and/or excised root assays are used (Wine Australia project DED 1701). An asterisk in the colour code denotes testing based only on potted vine or excised root assay. Where tests for specific phylloxera strains and rootstock are unavailable, or a test for only one phylloxera strain is available, a general ranking is provided based on the weighted average ranking for the rootstock obtained from the national and international literature.

Susceptible rootstock: phylloxera breeds freely, and the vine is unable to withstand infestation.

Tolerant rootstock: phylloxera can feed, reproduce and cause root galling, but to a lesser extent than on own-rooted grapevines.

Resistant rootstock: phylloxera does not develop beyond the first instar stage. Feeding by the first instar does not result in root galling.

G1 G4 G7 G19 G20 G30 G38
*
Susceptible
Tolerant
Resistant
Not tested
See the distribution of the main phylloxera strains in Australia

Richter 99

Climate Cool [3][96] Warm [3][96]
Vineyard Characteristics Rootstock Attributes *Weighted average rating
Irrigation water availability Drought tolerance 3.38
Overall vineyard vigour Vigour conferred by rootstock to scion 3.33
Soil salinity Tolerance to saline soil 2.4
Soil drainage Tolerance to waterlogging 1.12
Soil pH Tolerance to soil acidity 3.43
Soil pH Tolerance to soil lime 3.26
Occurrence of Nematodes Resistance to Root Knot Nematodes 3.48

*1 = low, 2 = low to moderate, 3 = moderate, 4 = high, 5 = very high

For reference information on these and all other rootstock attributes click on ‘Information about all attributes for this rootstock’ below.

Notes:

  • Can be grown under cool conditions [3].
  • Not suited to soils prone to spring waterlogging [96][98]

Incompatible with: Cabernet Sauvignon[10]

Resistance to crown gall (Agrobacterium) 1 [19][23][26] [References]
Resistance to Cylindrocarpon sp. 4 [22] [References]
Resistance to Fusarium sp. 4 [22][155] [References]
Resistance to Phytophthora sp. 1 [9][12][23][26][57][102][207] 4 [22] [References]
Resistance to Pythium sp. 1 [22] [References]
Resistance to Rhizoctonia sp. 4 [22] [References]
Resistance to Downy Mildew Plasmopara viticola    
Resistance to Esca    
Resistance to Botryosphaeriaceae species    
Drought tolerance 4 [3][9][15][23][32][37][47][57][73][94][102][104][137][166][207] 3 [6][18][19][23][26][29][96][103][140][142][199][208] 2 [52][56][98][153] 3-5 [206] [References]
Tendency to K+ deficiency (potassium absorption)    
Scion grape juice pH 4 [76] 2 [171] [References]
Scion grape juice TA 4 [171] [References]
Scion grape juice Phenolics 2 [185] [References]
Scion grape juice Anthocyanins    
Scion grape juice chloride   [References]
Scion grape juice sodium 4 [171] [References]
Scion grape juice Phosphorus 3 [171]  
Scion grape juice Nitrogen    
Scion grape juice Potassium 3 [96] 2 [171] [References]
Tendency to Mg-deficiency 4 [18][56] [References]
Nitrogen Uptake 3 [56] [References]
Effects on maturity (dependant on crop load) *D [3][56][57][96][98][103] *A [32] [References]
Yield 4 [70][171][207] 3-4 [57][96] 2 [155][180][185] [References]
Rooting depth 4 [3][206] 2 [131] [References]
Vegetative Cycle *S [3][57] *M [18][52] *VL [56] *L [155] [References]
Vigour conferred to scion (dependant on vine management and best practise viticulture) 4 [3][23][26][52][56][57][103] 5 [142][166][207] 1 [15][29][37] 3-4 [18][19][57][96][98][208] 3 [56][102][104][131] 2 [180][185] [References]
Improves fruit set (&/or fertility) 4 [166][187] [References]
Nematode Resistance 3 [29][52][207][208] 4[ 36][57][103] 1 [37] [References]
Citrus nematode resistance (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) 1 [96] [References]
Dagger nematode resistance (Xiphinema index) 3 [9][15][53][102] 1 [96] [References]
Pin Nematode Resistance (Criconemella Xenoplax)    
Root lesion nematode resistance (Pratylenchus spp.) 3 [9][15][30][104][102] 1 [96][97] [References]
Rootknot nematode resistance (Meloidogyne spp.) 4 [3][102] 3 [9][15][18][19][26][30][104] 1 [17] 3-4 [96][97] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. arenaria) - aggressive    
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. javanica) - 'standard' population 5 [114][117][160] 4 [194] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. incognita) 1&5 [160] 4 [194] [References]
Phylloxera resistance 4 [3][9][15][19][23][26][29][36][37][57][102][104][206][207] 5 [23] [References]
Phylloxera resistance on leaves (ie tolerance to phylloxera leaf galls) 2 [104] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 1    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 4    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 7    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 19    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 20    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 30    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 38    
Ease of bench grafting 4 [3][37][52][57] 3 [29] 1 [32][103][166] [References]
Ease of rooting 4 [3][26][32][37][52] 3 [57][102][103][104] 1 [166] [References]
Affinity with V. vinifera 5 [26][207] 4 [52] [References]
Tolerance to saline soils 1 [3][57][208] 2 [96] 3 [18][19][23][26][206] 4 [207] [References]
Salt Tolerance Index    
Tolerance to soil acidity 4 [3][9][13][23][56][57][70][96][98][207] 3 [18][19] 1 [23][36] [References]
Tolerance to waterlogging 1 [3][9][12][18][19][23][26][29][52][56][57][96][98][102][103][208] 3 [207] [References]
Lime tolerance (% = active lime). Lime-induced chlorosis = iron chlorosis 4 [3][18][37][57][98][207] 17% [32][36][52][73][96] 3 [15][19][73][94][102][104] 3-4 [29][96] 2 [56][206] 1&4 [166] [References]
Other Characteristics Can be grown under cool conditions [3]. Not suited to soils prone to spring waterlogging [96][98] [References]
Information    
*Notes Effects on maturity: A = Advance; D = Delay
Vegetative cycle: L = Long; VL = Very Long; M = Medium; S = Short		  

Phylloxera information

As a risk management option, rootstocks can be used to reduce susceptibility of vines to grape phylloxera compared to the use of the susceptible own-rooted (Vitis vinifera) variety. There are currently 115 genetic strains of phylloxera in Australia. The ability of rootstocks to withstand the impact of phylloxera infestations depends on the strain or strains of phylloxera present in the vineyard. Cultures of seven genetically diverse strains, G1, G4, G7, G19, G20, G30 and G38, are currently maintained for rootstock screening research. G1 and G4 predominate in Phylloxera Infested Zones (PIZs). Depending on the strain, rootstocks may be susceptible, tolerant or resistant, as defined and shown with colour coding in a table (below) for the rootstock. Wherever possible, results from in-field testing are incorporated in the table. Not all rootstocks have been tested against each of the representative phylloxera strains. When results from in-field testing are unavailable, results from potted vine and/or excised root assays are used (Wine Australia project DED 1701). An asterisk in the colour code denotes testing based only on potted vine or excised root assay. Where tests for specific phylloxera strains and rootstock are unavailable, or a test for only one phylloxera strain is available, a general ranking is provided based on the weighted average ranking for the rootstock obtained from the national and international literature.

Susceptible rootstock: phylloxera breeds freely, and the vine is unable to withstand infestation.

Tolerant rootstock: phylloxera can feed, reproduce and cause root galling, but to a lesser extent than on own-rooted grapevines.

Resistant rootstock: phylloxera does not develop beyond the first instar stage. Feeding by the first instar does not result in root galling.

G1 G4 G7 G19 G20 G30 G38 General Ranking
Susceptible
Tolerant
Resistant
Not tested
See the distribution of the main phylloxera strains in Australia

Ruggeri 140

Climate Cool [3][96] Warm [3][96] Hot [96]
Vineyard Characteristics Rootstock Attributes *Weighted average rating
Irrigation water availability Drought tolerance 4.16
Overall vineyard vigour Vigour conferred by rootstock to scion 3.68
Soil salinity Tolerance to saline soil 3.92
Soil drainage Tolerance to waterlogging 2.19
Soil pH Tolerance to soil acidity 3.67
Soil pH Tolerance to soil lime 4.02
Occurrence of Nematodes Resistance to Root Knot Nematodes 3.23

*1 = low, 2 = low to moderate, 3 = moderate, 4 = high, 5 = very high

For reference information on these and all other rootstock attributes click on ‘Information about all attributes for this rootstock’ below.

Notes:

  • Moderately susceptible to spring waterlogging, particularly in its formative years [96][98]

Incompatible with: Sangiovese[10]

Resistance to crown gall (Agrobacterium) 1 [4][19][26] [References]
Resistance to Cylindrocarpon sp.    
Resistance to Fusarium sp.    
Resistance to Phytophthora sp. 3 [9][102] 2 [26][207] [References]
Resistance to Pythium sp.    
Resistance to Rhizoctonia sp.    
Resistance to Downy Mildew Plasmopara viticola    
Resistance to Esca    
Resistance to Botryosphaeriaceae species    
Drought tolerance 5 [3][40][47][52][56][73][96][98][102][104][136][141][207] 4 [6][9][15][18][19][23][24][26][38][52][56][73][74][94][96][99][103][114][120][143][158][166][205][208] 3 [43][119][199] 3-4 [140][142] 2 [153] 3-5 [206] [References]
Tendency to K+ deficiency (potassium absorption) 4 [24][56] 2 [164] [References]
Scion grape juice pH 1 [15][61][62][64][74][95] 2 [116] 4 [33][74][126] 3-4 [128] 2-3 [141] [References]
Scion grape juice TA 3[ 33][126] 4 [82] 1 [128] 2 [116] 1-4 [75] [References]
Scion grape juice Phenolics 4 [33] 1 [75][126] 3 [128] [References]
Scion grape juice Anthocyanins 4 [33] 3 [75] 2 [126] 1-2 [141] [References]
Scion grape juice chloride 3 [33] 1 [98][106][111][117][118][122][125][128] 2 [116][150] 3 [75] 1-2 [128] [References]
Scion grape juice sodium 3 [33][116][125][150] 1 [98][111][128] 2 [75][126][141] 1&3 [128] [References]
Scion grape juice Phosphorus 3-4 [126] [References]
Scion grape juice Nitrogen 3 [33] 4 [90] [References]
Scion grape juice Potassium 4 [33][74][126][170] 1 [15][64] 3 [96] 2 [141] [References]
Tendency to Mg-deficiency 1 [18][24 ]3 [164] [References]
Nitrogen Uptake 3 [56][126] 2 [164] [References]
Effects on maturity (dependant on crop load) *D [23][35][36][40][96][10] [References]
Yield 4 [59][76][98][106][127][128][154] 3-4 [75][96][116][141] 5 [128] 3 [125][18 ] [References]
Rooting depth 5 [3] 2 [131][206]  
Vegetative Cycle *L [18][35][96] *VL [52][102 ]*M [56]  
Vigour conferred to scion (dependant on vine management and best practise viticulture) 4 [3][4][15][23][26][35][36][52][66][102][103][106][166][206] 5 [98][142][207] 3-4 [18][19][24][96][208] 3 [23][40][45][56][99][104][112][125][127][131][184] [References]
Improves fruit set (&/or fertility) 3 [132] 2 [154][187] 4 [166] [References]
Nematode Resistance 4 [36][208] 3 [52][98] 2 [207] [References]
Citrus nematode resistance (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) 1 [96] [References]
Dagger nematode resistance (Xiphinema index) 1 [9][15][40][102] 2 [104] [References]
Pin Nematode Resistance (Criconemella Xenoplax)    
Root lesion nematode resistance (Pratylenchus spp.) 1 [40][96] [References]
Rootknot nematode resistance (Meloidogyne spp.) 3 [3][4][9][15][18][19][99][102][104] 4 [24][40][96 ]1 [26 ]3-4 [206] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. arenaria) - aggressive    
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. javanica) - 'standard' population 1 [45] 5 [114][117][160] 4 [173] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. incognita) 1 [160]  
Phylloxera resistance 4 [3][4][9][15][36][40][99][102][104][206] 3 [19][26][207] 5 [23] [References]
Phylloxera resistance on leaves (ie tolerance to phylloxera leaf galls)    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 1 3 [51] 5 [113][165] 4-5 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 4 3 [51][165] 5 [113] 4-5 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 7 4 [51] 5 [113][165][210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 19 4 [51] 5 [165][210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 20 4 [51] 5 [165][210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 30 4 [51] 5 [165][210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 38 4-5  
Ease of bench grafting 4 [3] 3 [52][103] 1 [166] [References]
Ease of rooting 1 [3][166] 3 [26][52][102][103][104] [References]
Affinity with V. vinifera 4 [26][36][52] 5 [207] [References]
Tolerance to saline soils 5 [41][98] 4 [2][3][4][18][19][23][26][60][67][76][99][102][106][114][206][207][208] 3 [23][60][71][144] 3-4 [96] 4-5 [206] [References]
Salt Tolerance Index 4 [128] [References]
Tolerance to soil acidity 4 [3][9][13][18][19][23][40][96][102][207] 3 [98] 1 [56] [References]
Tolerance to waterlogging 3 [3][9][12][26][96][98][207] 2 [4][19][52][56][205] 1 [18][24][103][208] [References]
Lime tolerance (% = active lime). Lime-induced chlorosis = iron chlorosis 4 [3][15][18][19][40][68][73][74][83][94][96][98][99][102][104][156][158][159][195] 5 [4][73][157][207] 20% [36][52][96][98] 40% [36] 2 [56] 25% [73] 1&4 [166] [References]
Other Characteristics Moderately susceptible to spring waterlogging, particularly in its formative years [96][98] [References]
Information SARDI long term rootstock trial[208] observed 140 Ruggeri drought tolerance: (1) retained good vigour under severe drought stress, but yield potential (inflorescence counts) collapsed, and (2) significant age related yield decline observed at a number of sites. Walker et al (2014) [116] did not observe age related yield decline in a long term (14 year) study (Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 20, 496-506). [References]
*Notes Effects on maturity: A = Advance; D = Delay
Vegetative cycle: L = Long; VL = Very Long; M = Medium; S = Short		 [References]

Phylloxera information

As a risk management option, rootstocks can be used to reduce susceptibility of vines to grape phylloxera compared to the use of the susceptible own-rooted (Vitis vinifera) variety. There are currently 115 genetic strains of phylloxera in Australia. The ability of rootstocks to withstand the impact of phylloxera infestations depends on the strain or strains of phylloxera present in the vineyard. Cultures of seven genetically diverse strains, G1, G4, G7, G19, G20, G30 and G38, are currently maintained for rootstock screening research. G1 and G4 predominate in Phylloxera Infested Zones (PIZs). Depending on the strain, rootstocks may be susceptible, tolerant or resistant, as defined and shown with colour coding in a table (below) for the rootstock. Wherever possible, results from in-field testing are incorporated in the table. Not all rootstocks have been tested against each of the representative phylloxera strains. When results from in-field testing are unavailable, results from potted vine and/or excised root assays are used (Wine Australia project DED 1701). An asterisk in the colour code denotes testing based only on potted vine or excised root assay. Where tests for specific phylloxera strains and rootstock are unavailable, or a test for only one phylloxera strain is available, a general ranking is provided based on the weighted average ranking for the rootstock obtained from the national and international literature.

Susceptible rootstock: phylloxera breeds freely, and the vine is unable to withstand infestation.

Tolerant rootstock: phylloxera can feed, reproduce and cause root galling, but to a lesser extent than on own-rooted grapevines.

Resistant rootstock: phylloxera does not develop beyond the first instar stage. Feeding by the first instar does not result in root galling.

G1 G4 G7 G19 G20 G30 G38
*
Susceptible
Tolerant
Resistant
Not tested
See the distribution of the main phylloxera strains in Australia

Schwarzmann

Climate Cool [3][96] Warm [No Reference] Hot [No Reference]
Vineyard Characteristics Rootstock Attributes *Weighted average rating
Irrigation water availability Drought tolerance 1.38
Overall vineyard vigour Vigour conferred by rootstock to scion 2.61
Soil salinity Tolerance to saline soil 3.25
Soil drainage Tolerance to waterlogging 3.33
Soil pH Tolerance to soil acidity 1.17
Soil pH Tolerance to soil lime 2.35
Occurrence of Nematodes Resistance to Root Knot Nematodes 3.89

*1 = low, 2 = low to moderate, 3 = moderate, 4 = high, 5 = very high

For reference information on these and all other rootstock attributes click on ‘Information about all attributes for this rootstock’ below.

Notes:

  • Improves fruit set [56][57].
  • High yielding in hot climate of the Riverland [98].

Incompatible with: Cardinal[10][15][23][102] and Malta Seedless[10][23]

Resistance to crown gall (Agrobacterium) 4 [3][4][19] [References]
Resistance to Cylindrocarpon sp. 4 [22] [References]
Resistance to Fusarium sp. 1 [22] [References]
Resistance to Phytophthora sp. 4 [22] [References]
Resistance to Pythium sp. 1 [22] [References]
Resistance to Rhizoctonia sp. 4 [22] [References]
Resistance to Downy Mildew Plasmopara viticola    
Resistance to Esca    
Resistance to Botryosphaeriaceae species 3 [191] [References]
Drought tolerance 1 [3][15][18][19][23][29][36][40][43][56][57][73][94][96][98][99][114][120][166][208] 3 [9][143] 2 [40][104][153] 4 [199] 1-3 [206] [References]
Tendency to K+ deficiency (potassium absorption)    
Scion grape juice pH 4 [57][62][64][77] 3-4 [116] 1 [119] 2 [128][141] [References]
Scion grape juice TA 1 [116][119] 2 [75] [References]
Scion grape juice Phenolics 4 [75][114] [References]
Scion grape juice Anthocyanins 4 [75][114] 2 [141] 3 [19] [References]
Scion grape juice chloride 1 [106][118][122][128] 2 [116][125] 3 [75] [References]
Scion grape juice sodium 2 [116] 3-4 [75] 1 [125][128][141] 3 [198] [References]
Scion grape juice Phosphorus    
Scion grape juice Nitrogen    
Scion grape juice Potassium 4 [57][58][64][96] 3 [96] 2 [141] [References]
Tendency to Mg-deficiency 4 [18] [References]
Nitrogen Uptake 2 [56] [References]
Effects on maturity (dependant on crop load) *A [40][56][57][96] [References]
Yield 4 [57][128][198] 2 [65][75][96][98][127] 3-4 [116] 1 [119] 3 [141] [References]
Rooting depth 4 [8] [References]
Vegetative Cycle *S [18][56] [References]
Vigour conferred to scion (dependant on vine management and best practise viticulture) 1 [56] 3 [3][15][19][23][29][40][57][98][99][102][104][127] 1-4 [4] 2 [18][65][96][166][208] [References]
Improves fruit set (&/or fertility) 4 [3][56][96][98][123][187] [References]
Nematode Resistance 3 [29] 4 [31][57][98][208] [References]
Citrus nematode resistance (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) 4 [23][96] 3 [54] [References]
Dagger nematode resistance (Xiphinema index) 4 [9][15][23][40][53][102] 1 [56] 3 [96] [References]
Pin Nematode Resistance (Criconemella Xenoplax)    
Root lesion nematode resistance (Pratylenchus spp.) 1 [40][96] 4 [54] [References]
Rootknot nematode resistance (Meloidogyne spp.) 4 [3][4][9][15][18][19][23][40][96][99][102][104] 3 [8] 3-4 [97] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. arenaria) - aggressive    
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. javanica) - 'standard' population 3 [45] 5 [114][117][160] 4 [173] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. incognita) 1&5 [160] [References]
Phylloxera resistance 4 [3][4][9][15][23][31][36][40][57][99][102][104][166] 3 [19][25] 5 [29] 4-5 [206] [References]
Phylloxera resistance on leaves (ie tolerance to phylloxera leaf galls) 2 [104] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 1 4 [51][113] 5 [165] 4-5 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 4 4 [51] 5 [113][165][210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 7 3 [51][165] 4 [113][210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 19 3 [51][165] 4 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 20 3 [51][165] 4 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 30 3 [51][165] 5 [113] 4-5 [210] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 38 1-2  
Ease of bench grafting 4 [3][57] [References]
Ease of rooting 4 [3][166] 5 [29][102][104] [References]
Affinity with V. vinifera    
Tolerance to saline soils 4 [4][9][23] 3 [18][19][40][60][98][208] 1 [98] 5 [30] 3-4 [96] [References]
Salt Tolerance Index    
Tolerance to soil acidity 1 [18][23][56][96][98] 2 [19] [References]
Tolerance to waterlogging 3 [12][18][19][208] 4 [36][96] [References]
Lime tolerance (% = active lime). Lime-induced chlorosis = iron chlorosis 4 [3][57] 1 [9][27][29][98][166] 3 [15][18][40][96][99][102][104] 2 [19][73][94] 11% [32] [References]
Other Characteristics Improves fruit set [56][57]. High yielding in hot climate of the Riverland [98] [References]
Information    
*Notes Effects on maturity: A = Advance; D = Delay
Vegetative cycle: L = Long; VL = Very Long; M = Medium; S = Short		  

Phylloxera information

As a risk management option, rootstocks can be used to reduce susceptibility of vines to grape phylloxera compared to the use of the susceptible own-rooted (Vitis vinifera) variety. There are currently 115 genetic strains of phylloxera in Australia. The ability of rootstocks to withstand the impact of phylloxera infestations depends on the strain or strains of phylloxera present in the vineyard. Cultures of seven genetically diverse strains, G1, G4, G7, G19, G20, G30 and G38, are currently maintained for rootstock screening research. G1 and G4 predominate in Phylloxera Infested Zones (PIZs). Depending on the strain, rootstocks may be susceptible, tolerant or resistant, as defined and shown with colour coding in a table (below) for the rootstock. Wherever possible, results from in-field testing are incorporated in the table. Not all rootstocks have been tested against each of the representative phylloxera strains. When results from in-field testing are unavailable, results from potted vine and/or excised root assays are used (Wine Australia project DED 1701). An asterisk in the colour code denotes testing based only on potted vine or excised root assay. Where tests for specific phylloxera strains and rootstock are unavailable, or a test for only one phylloxera strain is available, a general ranking is provided based on the weighted average ranking for the rootstock obtained from the national and international literature.

Susceptible rootstock: phylloxera breeds freely, and the vine is unable to withstand infestation.

Tolerant rootstock: phylloxera can feed, reproduce and cause root galling, but to a lesser extent than on own-rooted grapevines.

Resistant rootstock: phylloxera does not develop beyond the first instar stage. Feeding by the first instar does not result in root galling.

G1 G4 G7 G19 G20 G30 G38
Susceptible
Tolerant
Resistant
Not tested
See the distribution of the main phylloxera strains in Australia

SO4

Climate Cool [3]
Vineyard Characteristics Rootstock Attributes *Weighted average rating
Irrigation water availability Drought tolerance 2.03
Overall vineyard vigour Vigour conferred by rootstock to scion 3.05
Soil salinity Tolerance to saline soil 1.7
Soil drainage Tolerance to waterlogging 3.09
Soil pH Tolerance to soil acidity 2.56
Soil pH Tolerance to soil lime 3.33
Occurrence of Nematodes Resistance to Root Knot Nematodes 2.5

*1 = low, 2 = low to moderate, 3 = moderate, 4 = high, 5 = very high

For reference information on these and all other rootstock attributes click on ‘Information about all attributes for this rootstock’ below.

Notes:

  • Good in cool regions [15]. 
  • May advance maturity and improve fruit set if vigour is controlled [96]
  • Low magnesium uptake may contribute to bunch stem necrosis in Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon [57][96][98].
  • Suited to varieties with poor set [57]

Incompatible with: Carignan, Malvasia Bianca, Muscat Blanc, and in some situations with Shiraz[10] and Servan[32]

Resistance to crown gall (Agrobacterium) 2 [19][26] [References]
Resistance to Cylindrocarpon sp.    
Resistance to Fusarium sp. 2 [155] [References]
Resistance to Phytophthora sp. 1 [26][207] [References]
Resistance to Pythium sp.    
Resistance to Rhizoctonia sp.    
Resistance to Downy Mildew Plasmopara viticola    
Resistance to Esca 2 [148] [References]
Resistance to Botryosphaeriaceae species 2 [191]  
Drought tolerance 1 [9][15][18][26][29][36][52][96][98][102][103][139][207] 2 [19][56][143][199][205] 3[ 23][24][73][94][104][166] 4 [47][49][73][102] 2-3 [140] 1-3 [142] 1-4 [206] [References]
Tendency to K+ deficiency (potassium absorption) 1 [24] [References]
Scion grape juice pH 1 [15][57][61][62][74][95] 4 [74][171] 2 [119][128] [References]
Scion grape juice TA 2 [119] 4 [171][190][201][202] [References]
Scion grape juice Phenolics    
Scion grape juice Anthocyanins 3 [202] [References]
Scion grape juice chloride 1-2 [119] [References]
Scion grape juice sodium 2 [119][201] 3 [171][202] 1 [63] [References]
Scion grape juice Phosphorus 3 [171] [References]
Scion grape juice Nitrogen    
Scion grape juice Potassium 4 [74][88][92][171] 1 [96] 2 [201][202] [References]
Tendency to Mg-deficiency 4 [18][24][56][57][88][96][98] [References]
Nitrogen Uptake 4 [56][162] [References]
Effects on maturity (dependant on crop load) *A [32][57][96][103] *D [23][57][201][202] [References]
Yield 4-3 [96] 4 [57][98][119][155][171][180] 2 [65] 3 [154][185][190] 5 [188] [References]
Rooting depth 1 [23] 3 [131][206] [References]
Vegetative Cycle *M [18][52][56] [References]
Vigour conferred to scion (dependant on vine management and best practise viticulture) 3-4 [3][24][56][57][96][166] 4 [36][37][177][180][207] 3 [15][18][23][29][56][98][102][103][104][131][185][188][190] 2 [19][26][52][65][127][128] 1 [36] 4-5 [142] [References]
Improves fruit set (&/or fertility) 4 [23][96][154] [References]
Nematode Resistance 4 [29][36][52][57][74][98][103] 3 [207] [References]
Citrus nematode resistance (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) 1 [96] [References]
Dagger nematode resistance (Xiphinema index) 3 [9][15][102][104] 1 [96][206] [References]
Pin Nematode Resistance (Criconemella Xenoplax)    
Root lesion nematode resistance (Pratylenchus spp.) 3 [96] [References]
Rootknot nematode resistance (Meloidogyne spp.) 4 [24][26] 3 [9][15][18][19][102][104] 3-4 [96] 1 [101] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. arenaria) - aggressive    
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. javanica) - 'standard' population 1 [101][114][117][173] 2 [160] 4 [161] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. incognita) 1 [101] 1&5 [160] [References]
Phylloxera resistance 3 [9][19][26][104][207] 5 [15][29][102] 4 [23][36][37][57][74][104][166][206] [References]
Phylloxera resistance on leaves (ie tolerance to phylloxera leaf galls) 1 [44] 2 [104] [References]
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 1    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 4    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 7    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 19    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 20    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 30    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 38 3   
Ease of bench grafting 4 [96] 5 [32] 2 [52] 3 [103] 1&4 [166] [References]
Ease of rooting 4 [57][103][188] 3 [26] 5 [29][102][104] 1 [32] 2 [52] 1&4 [166] [References]
Affinity with V. vinifera 4 [26][188][207] 5 [32] 3 [36][52] [References]
Tolerance to saline soils 1 [18][19][26][89][96][206][207] 4 [114] 3 [144][205] [References]
Salt Tolerance Index    
Tolerance to soil acidity 1 [13][18][19] 3 [56][57][96][98] 4 [74][207] [References]
Tolerance to waterlogging 4 [26][96][207] 1 [12] 3 [18][19][24][52][56][103][205] [References]
Lime tolerance (% = active lime). Lime-induced chlorosis = iron chlorosis 17-18%[ 96][98] 3 [15][19][29][73][102][104][159][166][207] 4 [18][57][ 68][73][74][88][94][98] 20% [32] 17% [36][52][73] 2 [56][206] 3-4 [96] [References]
Other Characteristics Good in cool regions.[15] May advance maturity and improve fruit set if vigour is controlled [96]. Low magnesium uptake may contribute to bunch stem necrosis in Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon [57][96][98]. Suited to varieties with poor set [57] [References]
Information    
*Notes Effects on maturity: A = Advance; D = Delay
Vegetative cycle: L = Long; VL = Very Long; M = Medium; S = Short		  

Phylloxera information

As a risk management option, rootstocks can be used to reduce susceptibility of vines to grape phylloxera compared to the use of the susceptible own-rooted (Vitis vinifera) variety. There are currently 115 genetic strains of phylloxera in Australia. The ability of rootstocks to withstand the impact of phylloxera infestations depends on the strain or strains of phylloxera present in the vineyard. Cultures of seven genetically diverse strains, G1, G4, G7, G19, G20, G30 and G38, are currently maintained for rootstock screening research. G1 and G4 predominate in Phylloxera Infested Zones (PIZs). Depending on the strain, rootstocks may be susceptible, tolerant or resistant, as defined and shown with colour coding in a table (below) for the rootstock. Wherever possible, results from in-field testing are incorporated in the table. Not all rootstocks have been tested against each of the representative phylloxera strains. When results from in-field testing are unavailable, results from potted vine and/or excised root assays are used (Wine Australia project DED 1701). An asterisk in the colour code denotes testing based only on potted vine or excised root assay. Where tests for specific phylloxera strains and rootstock are unavailable, or a test for only one phylloxera strain is available, a general ranking is provided based on the weighted average ranking for the rootstock obtained from the national and international literature.

Susceptible rootstock: phylloxera breeds freely, and the vine is unable to withstand infestation.

Tolerant rootstock: phylloxera can feed, reproduce and cause root galling, but to a lesser extent than on own-rooted grapevines.

Resistant rootstock: phylloxera does not develop beyond the first instar stage. Feeding by the first instar does not result in root galling.

G1 G4 G7 G19 G20 G30 G38 General Ranking
Susceptible
Tolerant
Resistant
Not tested
See the distribution of the main phylloxera strains in Australia

Teleki 5C

Climate Cool [3][96] Warm [96]
Vineyard Characteristics Rootstock Attributes *Weighted average rating
Irrigation water availability Drought tolerance 1.91
Overall vineyard vigour Vigour conferred by rootstock to scion 2.65
Soil salinity Tolerance to saline soil 1.83
Soil drainage Tolerance to waterlogging 1
Soil pH Tolerance to soil acidity 1.14
Soil pH Tolerance to soil lime 3.06
Occurrence of Nematodes Resistance to Root Knot Nematodes 2.86

*1 = low, 2 = low to moderate, 3 = moderate, 4 = high, 5 = very high

For reference information on these and all other rootstock attributes click on ‘Information about all attributes for this rootstock’ below.

Notes:

  • Good for varieties with poor set [3][56][57][98].

Incompatible with: Servan[32]

Resistance to crown gall (Agrobacterium) 1 [74] [References]
Resistance to Cylindrocarpon sp.    
Resistance to Fusarium sp.    
Resistance to Phytophthora sp.    
Resistance to Pythium sp.    
Resistance to Rhizoctonia sp.    
Resistance to Downy Mildew Plasmopara viticola    
Resistance to Esca    
Resistance to Botryosphaeriaceae species 2 [191] [References]
Drought tolerance 3 [3][57][96][166][199] 1 [18][20][21][36][ 94][143][208] 2 [19][56][68][73] 2-3 [206] [References]
Tendency to K+ deficiency (potassium absorption) 4 [30][168] 3 [164] [References]
Scion grape juice pH 2 [30][119] 3 [33] 1 [74][77][176] [References]
Scion grape juice TA 2 [30][119] 3 [33][77] 4 [33][176] [References]
Scion grape juice Phenolics 3 [33] 4 [33][114] [References]
Scion grape juice Anthocyanins 4 [33][82] [References]
Scion grape juice chloride 3 [33] 2 [119][122] [References]
Scion grape juice sodium 1 [33] 3 [33] 2 [119] [References]
Scion grape juice Phosphorus    
Scion grape juice Nitrogen 3 [33] [References]
Scion grape juice Potassium 3 [33] 4 [33] 1 [68][74][96] [References]
Tendency to Mg-deficiency 4 [96][164] 1 [168] [References]
Nitrogen Uptake 2 [56] 4 [164] [References]
Effects on maturity (dependant on crop load) *A [3][32][33][57][96] [References]
Yield 1 [59] 3-4 [57][96][119] [References]
Rooting depth 4 [20] 2 [131] [References]
Vegetative Cycle *M [18][34] L [56] [References]
Vigour conferred to scion (dependant on vine management and best practise viticulture) 3 [3][18][19][56][57][96][98][102][184][208] 1 [36][45] 3-4 [56][166] 2 [68][77][131] [References]
Improves fruit set (&/or fertility) 4 [23][56][96] 1 [123] [References]
Nematode Resistance 4 [57][98] 3 [208] [References]
Citrus nematode resistance (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) 4 [33] 1 [96] [References]
Dagger nematode resistance (Xiphinema index) 3 [102] 1 [56][96] [References]
Pin Nematode Resistance (Criconemella Xenoplax) 2 [33] 3 [33] 4 [33] [References]
Root lesion nematode resistance (Pratylenchus spp.) 3 [30][96][97] [References]
Rootknot nematode resistance (Meloidogyne spp.) 4 [3][33] 3 [18][19][30][96][102] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. arenaria) - aggressive    
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. javanica) - 'standard' population 3 [45] 1 [114][117] 2 [160] 5 [194] [References]
Rootknot Nematode resistance. (M. incognita) 1 [160] 5 [194] [References]
Phylloxera resistance 5 [3][102] 3 [19][23][25] 1 [26] 4 [36][57][69][166][206] [References]
Phylloxera resistance on leaves (ie tolerance to phylloxera leaf galls)    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 1    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 4    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 7    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 19    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 20    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 30    
Phylloxera resistance to genotype 38 3  
Ease of bench grafting 4 [3][57] 5 [32] 1&4 [166] [References]
Ease of rooting 4 [3][57] 1 [32] 1&4 [166] [References]
Affinity with V. vinifera 4 [32] [References]
Tolerance to saline soils 1 [18][102][208] 3 [19][68] 2 [96] [References]
Salt Tolerance Index    
Tolerance to soil acidity 1 [18][23][56][96][98][102] 2 [19] [References]
Tolerance to waterlogging 1 [3][18][208] [References]
Lime tolerance (% = active lime). Lime-induced chlorosis = iron chlorosis 4 [3][18] 3 [19][96][102][166] 20% [32][68] 2 [56] 2-3 [73] [References]
Other Characteristics Good for varieties with poor set [3][56][57][98] [References]
Information SARDI long term rootstock trial [208] observed Teleki 5C vigour: (1) smaller canopies than vines grafted to other rootstocks and (2) significant age related yield decline observed at a number of sites. [References]
*Notes Effects on maturity: A = Advance; D = Delay
Vegetative cycle: L = Long; VL = Very Long; M = Medium; S = Short		 [References]

Phylloxera information

As a risk management option, rootstocks can be used to reduce susceptibility of vines to grape phylloxera compared to the use of the susceptible own-rooted (Vitis vinifera) variety. There are currently 115 genetic strains of phylloxera in Australia. The ability of rootstocks to withstand the impact of phylloxera infestations depends on the strain or strains of phylloxera present in the vineyard. Cultures of seven genetically diverse strains, G1, G4, G7, G19, G20, G30 and G38, are currently maintained for rootstock screening research. G1 and G4 predominate in Phylloxera Infested Zones (PIZs). Depending on the strain, rootstocks may be susceptible, tolerant or resistant, as defined and shown with colour coding in a table (below) for the rootstock. Wherever possible, results from in-field testing are incorporated in the table. Not all rootstocks have been tested against each of the representative phylloxera strains. When results from in-field testing are unavailable, results from potted vine and/or excised root assays are used (Wine Australia project DED 1701). An asterisk in the colour code denotes testing based only on potted vine or excised root assay. Where tests for specific phylloxera strains and rootstock are unavailable, or a test for only one phylloxera strain is available, a general ranking is provided based on the weighted average ranking for the rootstock obtained from the national and international literature.

Susceptible rootstock: phylloxera breeds freely, and the vine is unable to withstand infestation.

Tolerant rootstock: phylloxera can feed, reproduce and cause root galling, but to a lesser extent than on own-rooted grapevines.

Resistant rootstock: phylloxera does not develop beyond the first instar stage. Feeding by the first instar does not result in root galling.

G1 G4 G7 G19 G20 G30 G38
* * * * * *
Susceptible
Tolerant
Resistant
Not tested
See the distribution of the main phylloxera strains in Australia

Wine Australia
Industry House, Cnr Botanic and Hackney Roads, Adelaide | PO Box 2733, Kent Town South Australia 5071

Copyright | Disclaimer | Contact Us